With the widespread accumulation of observational data, researchers obtain a new direction to learn counterfactual effects in many domains (e.g., health care and computational advertising) without Randomized Controlled Trials(RCTs). However, observational data suffer from inherent missing counterfactual outcomes, and distribution discrepancy between treatment and control groups due to behaviour preference. Motivated by recent advances of representation learning in the field of domain adaptation, we propose a novel framework based on Cycle-Balanced REpresentation learning for counterfactual inference (CBRE), to solve above problems. Specifically, we realize a robust balanced representation for different groups using adversarial training, and meanwhile construct an information loop, such that preserve original data properties cyclically, which reduces information loss when transforming data into latent representation space.Experimental results on three real-world datasets demonstrate that CBRE matches/outperforms the state-of-the-art methods, and it has a great potential to be applied to counterfactual inference.
翻译:随着观测数据的广泛积累,研究人员获得了一个新的方向,可以学习许多领域(如医疗保健和计算广告)的反事实效果,而不进行随机控制试验(RCTs),然而,观察数据存在内在缺失的反事实结果,以及治疗和控制群体之间因偏好行为而存在分布差异。受最近领域适应领域代表性学习进展的驱动,我们提出了一个基于循环平衡反映学习反事实推断的新框架,以解决上述问题。具体地说,我们通过对抗性培训为不同群体实现一种稳健的均衡代表性,同时构建一个信息循环,这种循环能够保持原始数据属性,从而在将数据转换为潜在代表空间时,减少信息损失。三个真实世界数据集的研究结果表明,CBRE匹配/超越了最新方法,并有很大潜力用于反驳事实推论。