变分辨率三维形貌快速测量技术研究

项目名称： 变分辨率三维形貌快速测量技术研究

项目编号： No.60802044

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 金属学与金属工艺

项目作者： 李旭东

作者单位： 北京航空航天大学

项目金额： 18万元

中文摘要： 虽然三维形貌获取技术已相对比较成熟，但以空间应用任务和制造业在线检测为代表的相关领域对三维形貌获取提出了新的要求，如相对精度高、实时性要求高、可靠性要求高等。本项目针对相关的应用需求，提出获取被测对象的不同分辨率的形貌数据，以较快的速度获取高精度的形貌数据，以解决形貌获取的高精度与实时性的矛盾。 具体综述了三维形貌数据获取原理和方法，提出了点扫描三维形貌获取技术方案；在系统建模的基础上，构建了原理样机并进行方案验证，提出了基于平面靶标的结构参数标定方法和振镜转角标定方法；提出采用不同扫描图案和控制采样点数的变分辨率三维形貌数据获取方法；提出基于点云线特征的姿态调整的不同分辨率数据配准方法；提出无机械运动部件的扫描技术并进行验证；在完成原定研究内容的基础上，进一步对三维数据后处理技术进行了研究，为后续的研究工作奠定了基础。 项目所提的测量系统方案、系统建模方法、系统标定方法、以及点云数据处理方法都有普遍意义，对其他类似系统的构建有借鉴意义。 相关的研究成果形成了可变分辨率三维形貌测量系统，提高了形貌测量速度，可应用于空间任务和制造业在线检测等相关领域。

中文关键词： 三维形貌测量；变分辨率形貌测量；系统建模；系统标定；点云数据处理

英文摘要： Although 3D shape measurement technology has been maturely studied, new requirements from the application fields like measurement in space application and on-line inspection in manufacturing, that is, high relative accuracy, high real-time performance and high reliability have not been totally met by current measurement system and technologies. To meet the fore-mentioned needs, the fast multi-resolution 3D shape measurement technology is proposed. The 3D shape data can be gained with different resolution at a certain speed to trade off between the accuracy and the speed. This is useful when dynamically changing the resolution according to different task requirement. The 3D shape measurement technologies were reviewed and the system architecture was proposed. On the basis of modeling the measurement system, the prototype was constructed and tested. The plane target based system parameters calibration was proposed to obtain the accurate system parameters. The scanning pattern and sampling rate based multi-resolution 3D shape measurement technique was proposed to acquire the 3D shape data with different resolution. Point clouds with different resolution were registered by using proposed line-feature based attitude adaptation. The scanning device without moving parts was proposed by utilizing the AOD device and tested. After finishing the scheduled research topics, the post-processing techniques of point clouds were studied. This gives a basis for the further research. The system architecture, system modeling technology , system calibration technology, as well as point cloud data processing technology are universal, and thus can be used by other related fields and the construction of similar system.

英文关键词： 3D shape measurement; multi-resolution shape measurement; system modeling; system calibration; point-cloud data processing