旱盐逆境下硅提高甘草综合水分利用效率的生理生态机制

项目名称： 旱盐逆境下硅提高甘草综合水分利用效率的生理生态机制

项目编号： No.31460330

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 食品科学、农学基础与作物学

项目作者： 张新慧

作者单位： 宁夏医科大学

项目金额： 50万元

中文摘要： 甘草为大宗传统中药材，年需求量居诸药之首。甘草主产区宁夏、甘肃、内蒙等地水资源短缺、土壤盐渍化严重，甘草种植的长期灌溉不仅会加剧这些地区水资源匮乏的困境，更容易引起土壤次生盐渍化；且其种植面积的不断扩大必然会出现与农作物争地的矛盾。本项目基于野生甘草抗旱耐盐的生理特性，利用环境友好型元素硅（Si）有提高植物抗旱性和耐盐性的特点，结合Si可提高盐胁迫下甘草幼苗水分利用效率（WUE）的预实验结果，采用盆栽试验研究盐生境中，Si对不同程度干旱胁迫下甘草生长、生理生态特性、药材品质及基于产量和品质的综合水分利用效率（CWUE）的影响，明确盐生境中Si对不同程度干旱胁迫下甘草CWUE的调控效应，通过相关分析和通径分析解析盐生境中甘草CWUE与其它各指标、干旱胁迫程度及Si浓度间的关系，揭示旱盐逆境中硅提高甘草CWUE的潜力及生理生态机制，为甘草在西北大面积盐渍化荒漠区的高效节水栽培提供科学依据。

中文关键词： 甘草；硅；旱盐胁迫；药材品质；综合水分利用效率

英文摘要： Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. is among the most important and widely used medicinal plants in traditional Chinese medicine. At present, the G. uralensis of artificial cultivation is the main resource for market supply. Irrigation is main way for the normal growth of G. uralensis during the artificial planting. However, on the one hand, the shortage of water resource and soil salinization are particularly serious in main producing areas of G. uralensis; on the other hand, long-term irrigation will not only aggravate the shortage of water resources in G. uralensis artificial planting, but also to cause soil secondary salinization. At prsent, it has become a hot topic that how to improve the water use efficiency of G. uralensis under salt environment in the artificial planting. As an environment friendly element, Silicon (Si) has vital importance effect on plant water use efficiency and salt tolerance. The present project aims to improvement of G. uralensis water use efficiency under saline and drought conditions using Si treatment. In this project, a pot experiment was carried out to determine the effect of Si on growth, physiological biochemical character, water use efficiency and quality of G. uralensis under different degree drought and salt stress, and further to study the relationship between water use efficiency, quality and other index. Thus, the purpose was to confirming the regulation effects of Si on water use efficiency and quality of G. uralensis under different degree drought and salt stress, and futher to exploring the mechanism of silicon on water use efficiency and quality of G. uralensis under salt and drought environment. This study should provide research-based data for improving cultivation of G. uralensis by improving its water use efficiency and quality under salinization desert in northwest China, and further to play the role in healthcare, water conservation and ecological protection.

英文关键词： Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch;silicon;salt and drought stress;yield and quality;water use efficiency