北极海冰假交替单胞菌属细菌的多样性、系统分类及生态适应的遗传与生理基础

项目名称： 北极海冰假交替单胞菌属细菌的多样性、系统分类及生态适应的遗传与生理基础

项目编号： No.31470001

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 解彬彬

作者单位： 山东大学

项目金额： 30万元

中文摘要： 海冰低温、高盐，对微生物生理代谢有重要影响。假交替单胞菌属（Pseudoalteromonas）细菌在全球海洋广泛分布，具有很强的环境适应能力。Yu等（2009）研究表明，在北极加拿大海盆的可培养海冰菌株中，假交替单胞菌属是优势属。本项目在前期收集该属模式菌株和基因组测序基础上，揭示该属所产生物活性物质、胞外酶的种类及其适应海洋环境的生理特点；建立基于分子标记基因的系统分类方法，对加拿大海盆200余株该属海冰菌株进行系统发育分析，结合生理生化实验进行多样性分析和系统分类，发现潜在新种；对典型海冰菌株进行基因组测序，揭示海冰菌株的营养机制和适冷、耐盐机制。综上，本项目将全面揭示假交替单胞菌属海冰菌株的多样性、系统分类和营养机制，阐明该属细菌适应海冰环境的遗传和生理机制。

中文关键词： 基因组；多样性；生态适应；假交替单胞菌；海冰

英文摘要： Low temperature and high salinity of sea ice are big challenges for metabolism of microorganisms. Bacteria from genus Pseudoalteromonas are found from different habitats of global oceans and have abilities to adapt to different environments. Yu et al. (2009) reported that, Pseudoalteromonas are dominant in the cultivable sea ice bacteria from Canadian Basin, Arctic. The aim of this project is to perform comprehensive studies of diversity, classification and ecological adaptation of sea ice Pseudoalteromonas. Firstly, based on the genome sequencing of 26 type strains of this genus, this project will disclose the genes related to the production of bioactive compounds and extracellular enzymes and reveal insights into the mechanism of its adaptation to ocean environments. Secondly, this project will develop a method for systematic classification of Pseudoaltermonas strains and classify the over 200 sea ice strains of Pseudoalteromonas from Canadian Basin, based on the molecular markers and physiological studies. Candidate new species will be studied with polyphasic approach. Thirdly, genomes of typical sea ice strains will be sequenced and the nutrition mechanism and the cold adaptation and salt tolerant mechanism will be studied on the basis of comprehensive genome annotation and comparative studies. Lastly, compa

英文关键词： Genome；diversity；ecological adaptation；Pseudoalteromonas；sea ice