土壤污染有机磷农药降解菌多样性及其分子生态效应研究

项目名称： 土壤污染有机磷农药降解菌多样性及其分子生态效应研究

项目编号： No.31270577

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 李同祥

作者单位： 徐州工程学院

项目金额： 74万元

中文摘要： 有机磷农药大量使用使大面积土壤受到严重污染，导致了土壤微生物群落结构破坏和多样性变化，土地生产力持续下降，土壤生态修复迫在眉睫。该研究（1）通过土壤原位培养和16S rDNA RFLP方法，研究有机磷污染土壤菌群结构的变化、土壤细菌遗传多样性差异，构建系统发育树，定位降解菌系统发育地位，阐明有机磷污染土壤优势类群和主要细菌类群变化关系，揭示污染土壤微生物生态学效应；（2）通过土壤有机磷农药定向培育优良菌种和鸟枪法基因克隆及16S rDNA分析，分离、筛选多种新的有机磷降解菌种（株），发现新的降解酶基因，构建系统发育进化树，揭示降解菌多样性和结构基因的关系；（3）采用四唑紫反应原理，绘制降解菌农药降解谱，发现共代谢基质，揭示降解菌相互作用关系。这些对研究微生物群落适应有机磷农药污染机理、评价其环境毒理和污染环境的自净能力具有重大意义，为土壤生物修复和生态治理提供理论依据。

中文关键词： 土壤污染；有机磷；降解菌；多样性；生态修复

英文摘要： Large soil is severely contaminated due to the overuse of organophosphorous pesticides, resulting in soil problems such as the destruction of microbial community composition, its diverse alteration, and the successive decrease of land productivity. Therefore, it is imperative to restore the contaminated soil. This study mainly deals with the following three aspects: first, by development of physiological flora of different category and the method of 16S rDNA RFLP to study the alteration of microbial community composition in the soil contaminated by organophosphorous pesticides and the genetic diversity difference of soil bacteria, and to build phylogenetic tree so as to illustrate the relationship between dominant flora groups and the main flora groups in the soil contaminated by organophosphorous pesticides, and to reveal the microbial active ecological effect in the contaminated soil; second, by directive development of good microbial species in the organophosphorous pesticides of farm soil, gene cloning based on shotgun sequencing method and the analysis of 16S rDNA to separate and select diverse and new degrading bacteria for organophosphorous pesticides with the aim to discover new OPH (organophosphorus hydrolase) gene and construct the phylogenetic tree, and to disclose the relation between the diversit

英文关键词： soil contamination；organophosphorous；degrading bacteria；diversity；ecological effect