地膜覆盖对农田生态系统温室气体排放的影响研究

项目名称： 地膜覆盖对农田生态系统温室气体排放的影响研究

项目编号： No.41275160

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 江长胜

作者单位： 西南大学

项目金额： 84万元

中文摘要： 地膜覆盖栽培具有提高地温、抗旱保墒、保肥、抑草和高产、稳产等作用，目前我国每年农田地膜覆盖面积已达1300万hm2以上。在当今全球气候变暖的背景下，干旱频繁发生，地膜覆盖面积还将增大。地膜覆盖后，膜内土壤温、光、水、肥、气等生态条件都发生了变化，这将对土壤CO2、CH4和N2O的产生、传输和排放产生影响，目前尚缺少这方面研究。本项目以我国西南地区常见的水-旱轮作农田、四季旱地和菜地为研究对象，以不覆膜农作为对照，研究地膜覆盖农作下农田生态系统CO2、CH4和N2O的排放特征及其控制因子，不同耕层土壤CO2、CH4和N2O的浓度特征；结合室内分析，研究地膜覆盖下农田土壤碳氮组分和土壤酶的动态特征，揭示土壤温度、水分、土壤碳氮组分、土壤酶、肥料施用量等因素的影响机制；估算地膜覆盖下农田生态系统CO2、CH4和N2O排放量及由此引起的综合GWP，为我国农田温室气体减排及增加土壤固碳提供理论依据。

中文关键词： 地膜；覆盖；温室气体；农田；生态系统

英文摘要： The clear plastic film mulching has the roles of raising soil temperature, resisting drought and conserving soil moisture, enhancing photosynthesis, keeping soil fertility, suppressing weed, and increasing the production, etc. At present, the area of covering plastic film in croplands in China is over 13 million ha every year. Nowadays, under the background of global climate warming, the drought happens in frequently, which will increase the using area of mulching plastic film more and more. After the plastic film mulching, the ecological factors in it, such as soil temperature, sunlight, water, fertility, and soil gas components will change, which will cause the change of the production, transferring and emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in cropland ecosystem, but there have limited reports about them. In this project, we will take the local prevailing tillage systems from Southwestern China, such as rice and wheat rotation field, dryland and vegetable plot as the subject investigated, contrasting with the no mulching systems, using the static chamber/GC method, studying on the emission characteristic and the controlling factors of CO2, CH4 and N2O releasing from fields mulched by plastic film, the contcentration characteristic of CO2, CH4 and N2O in different soil deepth.

英文关键词： Plastic film；mulching；greenhouse gases；cropland；ecosytem