While user's perception & performance are predominantly examined independently in virtual reality, the Action-Specific Perception (ASP) theory postulates that the performance of an individual on a task modulates this individual's spatial & time perception pertinent to the task's components & procedures. This paper examines the association between performance & perception & the potential effects that tactile feedback modalities could generate. This paper reports a user study (N=24), in which participants performed a Fitts's law target acquisition task by using three feedback modalities: visual, visuo-electrotactile, & visuo-vibrotactile. The users completed 3 Target Sizes X 2 Distances X 3 feedback modalities = 18 trials. The size perception, distance perception, & (movement) time perception were assessed at the end of each trial. Performance-wise, the results showed that electrotactile feedback facilitates a significantly better accuracy compared to vibrotactile & visual feedback, while vibrotactile provided the worst accuracy. Electrotactile & visual feedback enabled a comparable reaction time, while the vibrotactile offered a substantially slower reaction time than visual feedback. Although amongst feedback types the pattern of differences in perceptual aspects were comparable to performance differences, none of them was statistically significant. However, performance indeed modulated perception. Significant action-specific effects on spatial & time perception were detected. Changes in accuracy modulate both size perception & time perception, while changes in movement speed modulate distance perception. Also, the index of difficulty was found to modulate perception. These outcomes highlighted the importance of haptic feedback on performance, & importantly the significance of action-specific effects on spatial & time perception in VR, which should be considered in future VR studies.
翻译:虽然用户的认知和性能主要在虚拟现实中独立审查,但“行动特定认知”理论假设,一个人在任务上的性能调整了与任务组成部分和程序相关的个人空间和时间认知。本文审查了性能和认知之间的关系,以及触动反馈模式可能产生的潜在影响。本文报告了一项用户研究(N=24),其中参与者通过三种反馈模式执行“fitt's labild's label label label label label label label label label label label label or label label label label label label label label label label label,用户完成了3个目标个人在任务调整中的3 targs X 2 sietxxxxxxxxlacex 3 refreforation tude a transal travational visional viewyal traction laft laft laft laft laft lax lax laft lax lax laft laft laffect laft laft laft laffect laffectal lavel lax laft laft laft laft laft lax lax laft laft laft laft laft laft laft laft laft laft lax lax lax lax lax lax lax lax lade ladeal lade lab labal labal ladeal ladeal labal labal dal lab lab lab labal ladeal labal ladeal labal laction labal ladeal laut labal labal ladeal ladeal ladeal ladeal ladeal lader laff运算结果, la