孔结构可控介孔沸石的合成及性能研究

项目名称： 孔结构可控介孔沸石的合成及性能研究

项目编号： No.21273236

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 陶有胜

作者单位： 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 沸石是应用最广泛的多孔结晶材料，但无论是天然沸石还是合成沸石都只有微孔（孔径＜2纳米）。由于沸石的孔径在分子大小范围内，在石化、分离提纯等工业过程中存在着扩散障碍和较大压力降，从而减少反应速度和产生较大能耗等实际问题。相反介孔分子筛（如MCM41、SBA-15）虽然有介孔（孔径=2～50纳米），但介孔分子筛为非结晶体，其化学稳定性、水热稳定性不如沸石结晶。本项目研究：（1）在普通沸石结晶中，以孔结构可控的碳溶胶等为结构模板，合成同时具有介孔和微孔的沸石结晶；（2）系统研究这种新型孔结构可控介孔沸石结晶的结构；（3）对比研究孔结构可控介孔沸石和普通沸石在大分子催化反应等方面的性能。孔结构可控介孔沸石兼有普通沸石结晶和介孔分子筛的优点，又克服了普通沸石结晶和介孔分子筛在结构上的缺陷，是一种理想的新型功能材。由于扩散系数与孔直径成正比，在沸石结晶中产生介孔后，扩散系数能提高100倍以上。

中文关键词： 沸石；结晶；介孔；合成；性能

英文摘要： Zeolites are widely used porous crystalline solids.However, the major drawback of zeolites of either natural zeolitic minerials or synthesized zeoltes is that they have only micropores (the pore diameter < 2 nm). The small sizes of the channels and cavities in a range of molecular sizes impose diffusional limitations on reactions that can cause high back pressure on flow systems. On the contrary, although mesoporous sieves such as MCM41 and SBA-15 have mesopores (the pore diameter = 2～50 nm), they are unstable in chemical and thermal chemical environment in comparison with zeolites. In this study, (1) stucture directors such as carbon aerogels having tunable pore sizes are employed as structural templates to synthesize porosity-controlled zeolites of micropores and mesopores. (2) the physical and chemical structures of the synthesized materials will be thoroughly studied. (3) the comparison will be carry out for porosity-controlled zeolites of micropores and mesopores and conventional zeolites in catalytic reactions of large molecules. Such new type of porosity-controlled zeolites of micropores and mesopores can overcome the drawbacks of conventional zeolites or mesoporous sieves, and must be a kind of new functional materials. Since diffusivity is proportional to pore diameter, the addition of mesopores to zeol

英文关键词： Zeolite；crystal；Mesopore；Synthesis；Property