This work proposes a robotic pipeline for picking and constrained placement of objects without geometric shape priors. Compared to recent efforts developed for similar tasks, where every object was assumed to be novel, the proposed system recognizes previously manipulated objects and performs online model reconstruction and reuse. Over a lifelong manipulation process, the system keeps learning features of objects it has interacted with and updates their reconstructed models. Whenever an instance of a previously manipulated object reappears, the system aims to first recognize it and then register its previously reconstructed model given the current observation. This step greatly reduces object shape uncertainty allowing the system to even reason for parts of objects, which are currently not observable. This also results in better manipulation efficiency as it reduces the need for active perception of the target object during manipulation. To get a reusable reconstructed model, the proposed pipeline adopts: i) TSDF for object representation, and ii) a variant of the standard particle filter algorithm for pose estimation and tracking of the partial object model. Furthermore, an effective way to construct and maintain a dataset of manipulated objects is presented. A sequence of real-world manipulation experiments is performed. They show how future manipulation tasks become more effective and efficient by reusing reconstructed models of previously manipulated objects, which were generated during their prior manipulation, instead of treating objects as novel every time.
翻译:这项工作建议建立一个机器人管道, 用于采集和限制没有几何形状前置物体的位置。 与最近为类似任务( 每个物体都被认为是新颖的)而开发的系统相比, 拟议的系统承认先前被操纵的物体, 并进行在线模型的重建与再利用。 在终身操作过程中, 系统保持其与已重建模型互动并更新的物体的学习特征。 当一个先前被操纵的物体重现的事例出现时, 系统的目标是首先识别它, 然后根据当前观察结果登记其先前重建的模型。 这一步骤大大降低了物体的不确定性, 使系统甚至可以对目前无法观测到的物体的某些部分进行调整。 这还导致更好的操作效率, 因为它减少了在操作过程中对目标物体进行积极感知的需要。 为了获得可再利用的重塑模型, 拟议的管道采用了: (i) TSDFF用于对象的表示, 和 (ii) 标准粒子过滤算法的变异体, 用于对部分物体模型进行估计和跟踪。 此外, 提供了构建和保持一个被操纵物体数据集的有效方法。 将进行真实世界操纵实验的顺序。 它们显示未来操纵任务是如何变得更加有效和高效地处理, 。 在重新改造的模型中, 重建每个被复制的模型中, 重新制作了每个被复制的物体 。