The ability to evolve is fundamental for any valuable autonomous agent whose knowledge cannot remain limited to that injected by the manufacturer. Consider for example a home assistant robot: it should be able to incrementally learn new object categories when requested, but also to recognize the same objects in different environments (rooms) and poses (hand-held/on the floor/above furniture), while rejecting unknown ones. Despite its importance, this scenario has started to raise interest in the robotic community only recently and the related research is still in its infancy, with existing experimental testbeds but no tailored methods. With this work, we propose the first learning approach that deals with all the previously mentioned challenges at once by exploiting a single contrastive objective. We show how it learns a feature space perfectly suitable to incrementally include new classes and is able to capture knowledge which generalizes across a variety of visual domains. Our method is endowed with a tailored effective stopping criterion for each learning episode and exploits a self-paced thresholding strategy that provides the classifier with a reliable rejection option. Both these novel contributions are based on the observation of the data statistics and do not need manual tuning. An extensive experimental analysis confirms the effectiveness of the proposed approach in establishing the new state-of-the-art. The code is available at https://github.com/FrancescoCappio/Contrastive_Open_World.
翻译:进化能力对于任何有价值的自主代理人来说都是至关重要的,因为其知识不能局限于制造商所注入的知识。 例如,考虑一个家庭助理机器人:它应该能够根据要求逐步学习新的对象类别,同时能够在不同环境(房间)中识别相同的物体,并配置(手持/在地板/楼下/楼下的家具),同时拒绝未知的物体。尽管其重要性很重要,但这一假设最近才开始引起对机器人界的兴趣,相关研究仍处于初级阶段,现有实验测试床但没有定制方法。通过这项工作,我们提出了第一个学习方法,通过利用单一对比性目标,一次性地应对先前提到的所有挑战。我们展示它如何学习一个功能空间,非常适合逐渐包括新的类别,并能够捕捉到在各种视觉领域通用的知识。我们的方法为每个学习插图设定了有针对性的有效停止标准,并开发了自定的门槛战略,为分类者提供了可靠的拒绝选项。这两种新贡献都基于对数据统计的观察,不需要手动的校正。我们展示了它是如何学习的。一个广泛的实验性分析,可以证实拟议的http://deformaisco/copreal 方法的有效性。