Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Placement Optimization in Vietnam Using Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming Model

Vietnam is viewed as one of the promising markets for electric vehicles (EVs), especially automobiles when it is predicted to reach 1 million in 2028 and 3.5 million in 2040. However, the lack of charging station infrastructure has hindered the growth rate of EVs in this country. This study aims to propose an optimization model using Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) to implement an optimal location strategy for EVs charging stations in Ho Chi Minh (HCM) City. The problem is solved by a solver named Gurobi and using the Brand-and-Cut method. There are 2 perspectives including Charging Station Operators and EV users. In addition, 7 kinds of costs considered include installation cost, land rental cost, maintenance cost, operational cost, charging cost, waiting cost, and traveling cost. From 1509 Point of Interest and 199 residential areas, 134 POIs were chosen with 923 charging stations including 592 Level-2 chargers and 331 Level-3 chargers to fully satisfy the customer demand. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed model is proved by a minor MIP Gap and running in a short time with full feasibility.