Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies have been developed rapidly, and AI-based systems have been widely used in various application domains with opportunities and challenges. However, little is known about the architecture decisions made in AI-based systems development, which has a substantial impact on the success and sustainability of these systems. To this end, we conducted an empirical study by collecting and analyzing the data from Stack Overflow (SO) and GitHub. More specifically, we searched on SO with six sets of keywords and explored 32 AI-based projects on GitHub, and finally we collected 174 posts and 128 GitHub issues related to architecture decisions. The results show that in AI-based systems development (1) architecture decisions are expressed in six linguistic patterns, among which Solution Proposal and Information Giving are most frequently used, (2) Technology Decision, Component Decision, and Data Decision are the main types of architecture decisions made, (3) Game is the most common application domain among the eighteen application domains identified, (4) the dominant quality attribute considered in architecture decision-making is Performance, and (5) the main limitations and challenges encountered by practitioners in making architecture decisions are Design Issues and Data Issues. Our results suggest that the limitations and challenges when making architecture decisions in AI-based systems development are highly specific to the characteristics of AI-based systems and are mainly of technical nature, which need to be properly confronted.
翻译:人工智能(AI)技术得到迅速开发,基于AI的系统被广泛用于各种应用领域,并面临机遇和挑战,然而,在基于AI的系统开发中作出的建筑决定鲜为人知,这些决定对这些系统的成功和可持续性有重大影响。为此目的,我们开展了一项经验研究,收集和分析来自Stack overflow(SO)和GitHub(GitHub)的数据。更具体地说,我们用六套关键词搜索SO,并探索了32个基于AI的GitHub(GitHub)项目。最后,我们收集了174个员额和128个与建筑决策有关的GitHub(GitHib)问题。结果显示,在基于AI的系统开发中, (1) 建筑决定以六种语言模式表达,其中最经常使用解决方案和信息(Solution Propositions and Information Information),(2) 技术决定和数据决定的主要类型。(3) 游戏是所查明的十八个应用领域中最常见的应用领域,(4) 在建筑决策中考虑的主要质量属性属性属性属性是绩效,(5) 和数据问题。我们的结果表明,在建筑决策中,在AI系统上,其特性方面所面临的限制和挑战是高度需要。