根层补灌对冬小麦水氮利用的调控机制

项目名称： 根层补灌对冬小麦水氮利用的调控机制

项目编号： No.31271660

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 王东

作者单位： 山东农业大学

项目金额： 70万元

中文摘要： 水资源不足已成为黄淮和北部冬麦区小麦生产的重要限制因素。前人研究表明冬小麦生长和产量形成对不同生育时期的土壤水分含量需求不同；土壤剖面水分分布的不同会引起根系生长和分布的差异，麦田耗水特性和小麦籽粒产量等亦随之改变。本项目在前期研究的基础上，根据黄淮和北部冬麦区麦田中下层土壤贮水较多的特点，选用产量和水分利用效率不同的基因型小麦品种，通过关键生育时期根层补灌，探索不同生育时期一定深度根层水分供给水平对小麦根系生长和分布、产量形成和水分利用效率的调节作用及生理和分子生物学基础，不同生育阶段一定深度根层土壤水分时空变化在调节小麦对深层土壤贮水利用与其对上部根层氮素吸收利用关系中的作用及生理基础，阐明不同深度根层补灌对冬小麦水氮利用的调控机制，探索出实现小麦高产高水分利用效率的新的节水栽培途径，对节约水资源、提高单产和水氮利用效率具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。

中文关键词： 冬小麦；根层；按需补灌；氮素；利用效率

英文摘要： The shortage of water has become one of the important limiting factors in wheat production in Huang-Huai-Hai plain. There are many previous studies show that the demand of soil moisture in different stages by winter wheat for growth and yield formation are different. The growth and distribution of root are affected by the distribution of soil moisture in soil profile, and then, the water consumption characteristics in field and grain yield of wheat are also different. This project based on the previous studies, according to the characteristics that more water is stored in the lower soil layer in wheat field of Huang-Huai-Hai plain, with different genotype wheat cultivars in yield and water-use efficiency, using the technology of supplemental irrigation within different depths of root layer at key growth stages, plans to expound the mechanism of regulation of water and nitrogen use in winter wheat by supplemental irrigation within root layers, and to create the new water-saving cultivation way to achieve high-yield and high water-use efficiency, by studying the physiological and molecular biological basis and the adjustment effect of the water supply level in a certain depth of root layer on growth and distribution of root, yield formation and water-use efficiency, studying the physiological basis and the functio

英文关键词： Winter wheat；root layer；on-demand supplemental irrigation；nitrogen；use efficency