二氧化氮叶片吸收物种特异性的生理生态学研究

项目名称： 二氧化氮叶片吸收物种特异性的生理生态学研究

项目编号： No.31300506

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 胡彦波

作者单位： 东北林业大学

项目金额： 23万元

中文摘要： 区域性大气污染频发、大气中可吸入颗粒物、二氧化氮（NO2）浓度居高背景下，探明绿化植物对大气污染物沉积、净化能力，是大气污染控制、绿化植物选择要解决的核心问题。本项目拟以哈尔滨市街道主要绿化树种为研究对象，采用开顶式气体熏蒸设备，利用SEM/EDS技术研究熏蒸叶片表皮化学元素组成、气孔及临近的叶肉组织形态、结构特征，并结合对熏蒸叶片NO2-N代谢（中间物、关键酶活性）与光合作用、暗呼吸、光呼吸速率（CO2猝发法和Laisk and Sumberg法）等关联性分析，总结出绿化树叶表皮、气孔相关的理化过程对NO2响应特点；通过叶面喷施光呼吸促进剂或抑制剂，分析熏蒸叶片光呼吸作用（光呼吸速率、代谢中间物）与NO2-N代谢、光合电子流在碳氮代谢中分配的关系，初步确定光呼吸在NO2叶片吸收中的作用。本项目旨在揭示NO2叶片吸收物种特异性的生理生态学机制。

中文关键词： 二氧化氮；绿化植物；叶片NO2吸收；形态结构；代谢生理

英文摘要： In the context of regional atmospheric pollution occurring frequently, NO2 and particulate matters maintaining a high level in atmosphere, atmospheric pollutant deposition via greening trees are the key issues for the control of atmospheric pollution and the selection of greening tree species. In this project, we selected four common street tree species in Harbin city as materials; by using top-open gas fumigation equipments and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) technique, we planned to analyze chemical elements composition and observe morphological and structural characters of stomata and the mesophyll tissues adjacent to stomata in the leaves exposed to NO2. We also planned to analyze the correlations between NO2-N metabolism and photosynthesis, dark respiration, and photorespiration rates estimated by Postillumination CO2 burst and the method of Laisk and Sumberg (1994) using chemical analysis, photosynthetic system and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements.Based on the above results, we expected to summarize epidermis and stomata related physicochemical characteristics of the street trees in responding to NO2. Moreover, we aimed to analyze the relationships between photorespiratory rates/the metabolites and NO2-N metabolisms as well as distribution of photosynthetic

英文关键词： nitrogen dioxide；greening plants；foliar nitrogen dioxide uptake；morphological and structural characters；metabolic physiology