新疆杏振动脱落动力学特性及振动采收机理研究

项目名称： 新疆杏振动脱落动力学特性及振动采收机理研究

项目编号： No.51465059

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 机械、仪表工业

项目作者： 王学农

作者单位： 新疆农业科学院

项目金额： 48万元

中文摘要： 杏是新疆重要的特色林果，2012年新疆杏种植总面积达到19.4万公顷，目前新疆杏主要通过人工手摘或利用长杆敲打等方式进行收获，人工采收成本约占整个生产成本的50%～70%，利用振动方式进行林果收获能够有效降低生产成本、提高收获效率。本项目针对新疆杏机械化收获展开理论性研究。通过研究不同品种、不同成熟期新疆杏果实各项生理特性参数对果实分离力的影响，明确新疆杏收获所需采收力范围，为杏振动脱落动力学模型建立提供依据；通过建立收获机-果树振动系统模型，明确振动能量在收获中的传递过程，确立杏振动脱落响应函数，建立适宜新疆杏果实振动脱落运动学模型；确定最适合杏果实振动收获的振动参数组合。本项目研究为设计快速、高效的杏收获机械提供完善的理论基础和依据，对提高新疆林果的机械化采收水平具有重要意义。

中文关键词： 杏；振动收获；脱落力；动力学模型

英文摘要： Apricot is an important characteristic fruit in Xinjiang, the total cultivation area is 194000 hm2 in 2012, it is picked mainly by hand or knocked in the form of a long pole, and the costs accounted for about 50%～70% of the production cost. It can effectively reduce the production cost is enhanced efficiency by using the vibration mode in harvest. This project carries theoretical research on apricot mechanized harvesting. It does the research on the dynamic response by vibration motivating, analyzing the velocity, acceleration, inertial force of tree and the change of moving trajectory of fruit, building the dynamic model of fruit by vibrational falling, studying the effect of different incentive location, vibration frequency, amplitude and vibration time on fruit falling off, setting up the vibration machine - fruit tree model, getting the best working parameters through simulation test in laboratory and field vibrational harvesting test. The research of the project provides the theoretical foundation and evidence for designing a quick and efficient harvesting machine. It will play an important role in improving the level of mechanized harvesting of Xinjiang fruit.

英文关键词： apricot;vibration harvest;fruit removal force;dynamical model