STEERING: Stein Information Directed Exploration for Model-Based Reinforcement Learning

Directed Exploration is a crucial challenge in reinforcement learning (RL), especially when rewards are sparse. Information-directed sampling (IDS), which optimizes the information ratio, seeks to do so by augmenting regret with information gain. However, estimating information gain is computationally intractable or relies on restrictive assumptions which prohibit its use in many practical instances. In this work, we posit an alternative exploration incentive in terms of the integral probability metric (IPM) between a current estimate of the transition model and the unknown optimal, which under suitable conditions, can be computed in closed form with the kernelized Stein discrepancy (KSD). Based on KSD, we develop a novel algorithm STEERING: \textbf{STE}in information dir\textbf{E}cted exploration for model-based \textbf{R}einforcement Learn\textbf{ING}. To enable its derivation, we develop fundamentally new variants of KSD for discrete conditional distributions. We further establish that STEERING archives sublinear Bayesian regret, improving upon prior learning rates of information-augmented MBRL, IDS included. Experimentally, we show that the proposed algorithm is computationally affordable and outperforms several prior approaches.