Optimal computational costs of AFEM with optimal local $hp$-robust multigrid solver

In this work, an adaptive finite element algorithm for symmetric second-order elliptic diffusion problems with inexact solver is developed. The discrete systems are treated by a local higher-order geometric multigrid method extending the approach of [Mira\c{c}i, Pape\v{z}, Vohral\'{i}k, SIAM J. Sci. Comput. (2021)]. We show that the iterative solver contracts the algebraic error robustly with respect to the polynomial degree $p \ge 1$ and the (local) mesh size $h$. We further prove that the built-in algebraic error estimator is $h$- and $p$-robustly equivalent to the algebraic error. The proofs rely on suitably chosen robust stable decompositions and a strengthened Cauchy-Schwarz inequality on bisection-generated meshes. Together, this yields that the proposed adaptive algorithm has optimal computational cost. Numerical experiments confirm the theoretical findings.