Abstract reasoning is a key indicator of intelligence. The ability to hypothesise, develop abstract concepts based on concrete observations and apply this hypothesis to justify future actions has been paramount in human development. An existing line of research in outfitting intelligent machines with abstract reasoning capabilities revolves around the Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM), a multiple-choice visual puzzle where one must identify the missing component which completes the pattern. There have been many breakthroughs in supervised approaches to solving RPM in recent years. However, since this process requires external assistance, we cannot claim that machines have achieved reasoning ability comparable to humans. Namely, when the RPM rule that relations can only exist row/column-wise is properly introduced, humans can solve RPM problems without supervision or prior experience. In this paper, we introduce a pairwise relations discriminator (PRD), a technique to develop unsupervised models with sufficient reasoning abilities to tackle an RPM problem. PRD reframes the RPM problem into a relation comparison task, which we can solve without requiring the labelling of the RPM problem. We can identify the optimal candidate by adapting the application of PRD on the RPM problem. The previous state-of-the-art approach "mcpt" in this domain achieved 28.5% accuracy on the RAVEN dataset "drt", a standard dataset for computational work on RPM. Our approach, the PRD, establishes a new state-of-the-art benchmark with an accuracy of 50.74% on the same dataset, presenting a significant improvement and a step forward in equipping machines with abstract reasoning.
翻译:抽象推理是一个关键的情报指标。 假设的能力、基于具体观察的抽象概念的抽象概念以及应用这一假设来证明未来行动的合理性,在人类发展中是至高无上。 在安装智能机器以抽象推理能力的现有研究线上,围绕Raven's SocialMatrices (RPM) (RPM) (RPM) (RPM) (RPM) 是一个多重选择的视觉难题,其中必须确定缺失的成分,从而完成模式。近年来,在解决RPM的监管方法上有许多突破。然而,由于这一过程需要外部援助,我们不能声称机器已经具备了与人类可比的推理能力。 也就是说,当RPMM规则规定关系只能存在行/校本,人类可以在没有监督或事先经验的情况下解决RPM问题。 在本文中,我们引入了一种双向关系歧视者(PRM) (PRM) (PRM) (PRM) (RRRRRR) (RR) (RR) (RD) (RPRD) (R) (RD) 标准 5), 在先前的数据中, 将“RPM(RPM(RD) (RD) (RD) (RD) (RD) (RD) 标准方法上实现的正确的数据(RPM) (RPRD) (RD) (R) (R) (R) (RD) (R) 的正确度方法上一个) (在先前的数据(RD) (一种), 。