VICE: Variational Inference for Concept Embeddings

In this paper, we introduce Variational Inference for Concept Embeddings (VICE), an approximate Bayesian method for learning object concept embeddings from human behavior in an odd-one-out triplet task. We use variational inference to obtain a sparse, non-negative solution with uncertainty estimates about each embedding value. We exploit these estimates to automatically select the dimensions that explain the data while yielding reproducible embeddings. We introduce a PAC learning bound for VICE that can be used to estimate generalization performance or determine a sufficient sample size for different experimental designs. VICE rivals or outperforms its predecessor, SPoSE, at predicting human behavior in a triplet task. VICE object representations are substantially more reproducible and consistent across different random initializations.