Lessons Learned: A Smart Campus Environment Using LoRaWAN

The deployment of LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) in dynamic environments, such as smart campuses, presents significant challenges in optimizing network parameters like spreading factor (SF), transmission power (TxPower), and managing mobility while ensuring reliable communication. In this paper, we first introduce the fundamental concepts of short-range and long-range communication protocols, emphasizing the specific requirements and advantages of LoRaWAN in various applications. Next, we discuss smart space solutions that integrate Edge, Fog, and Cloud computing, illustrating how these paradigms work in conjunction with both short-range and long-range communication protocols to enhance data processing and decision-making capabilities in real-time. We then present our insights and lessons learned from the deployment of LoRaWAN across the campus, focusing on the challenges encountered and the strategies employed to address them. This work provides a comprehensive overview of the methodologies applied, the results achieved, and the implications for future research and practical applications in IoT-enabled smart environments.