β-环糊精/丙烯酸/丙烯腈复合水凝胶对水溶液中U(Ⅵ)及Th(Ⅳ)的吸附

项目名称： β-环糊精/丙烯酸/丙烯腈复合水凝胶对水溶液中U(Ⅵ)及Th(Ⅳ)的吸附

项目编号： No.21501082

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 化学工程及工业化学

项目作者： 刘同环

作者单位： 兰州大学

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 随着核能的和平利用和核电的不断发展，放射性废物的安全有效处理是影响核能可持续发展的关键问题。本项目拟将具有生物相容性的β-环糊精与丙烯酸、丙烯腈通过自由基接枝聚合法合成一种新型的天然高分子/合成高分子复合凝胶。此凝胶在保持合成高分子所具有的吸附速度快、可重复利用等特点的基础上，引入具有多羟基、锥形圆筒结构的β-环糊精。希望此复合凝胶在多种功能结构的协调作用下，实现对核废液中放射性金属离子的富集分离。通过控制凝胶各组分比例、粒径、偕胺肟化程度及吸附条件等因素来实现对多种金属离子共存的体系中U(Ⅵ)的选择吸附。同时研究复合凝胶对水溶液中U(Ⅵ)及Th(Ⅳ)的吸附性能，探索U(Ⅵ)及Th(Ⅳ)等放射性金属离子与复合凝胶的作用方式；阐明放射性金属离子与此凝胶的作用机理；揭示放射性金属离子在此类材料上的吸附/解吸附规律。该项目的实施将为此类复合吸附材料用于处理放射性废液提供必要的基础理论及科学依据。

中文关键词： β-环糊精；水凝胶；吸附；U(Ⅵ)；Th(Ⅳ)

英文摘要： The safety and efficacy treatment of radio-waste plays more and more important role for the sustainable development of nuclear energy. In this research, the composite hydrogel of acrylic acid (AA), acrylonitrile (AN) and biocompatible β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) will be prepared by emulsion free radical polymerization. The composite hydrogel include β-CD which has polyhydroxy and cylinder structure, which could be used to separate the radioactive metal ions with the higher adsorption rate and recycle property. The selective adsorption capability of the U(Ⅵ) in aqueous solution will be controlled by the content of the acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, and β-CD, the shape and size of the materials, the percent of oximation of the cyanogroups, and so on. The adsorption capability of the U(Ⅵ) and Th(Ⅳ) onto the hydrogel will be studied, exploring the mode of interaction between the composite hydrogel and the metal ions such as U(Ⅵ) and Th(Ⅳ). The objective of this project is to clarify radioactive metal ions and the interaction mechanism of composite hydrogel and its components, and to reveal the radioactive metal ions adsorption/desorption laws on such materials.The project will provide the necessary basis for theoretical and scientific basis for such compound adsorption materials using for the treatment of the radioactive liquid waste.

英文关键词： β-cyclodextrin ;hydrogel;Adsorption;U(Ⅵ);Th(Ⅳ)