氧化石墨烯功能材料的制备及其对钍离子选择性吸附研究

项目名称： 氧化石墨烯功能材料的制备及其对钍离子选择性吸附研究

项目编号： No.11475120

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 金永东

作者单位： 四川大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 随着钍基燃料堆的开发，矿石中钍的分离和纯化，钍堆中铀与钍的分离以及含钍的放射性废物的处理问题，是需解决的关键问题。而固相萃取剂已经成为分离手段的重要补充。碳基材料由于稳定性高，比表面大，环境友好而成为研究的热点。本研究以碳基材料-氧化石墨烯为基底，根据液相中钍离子的化学种态，结合配位化学理论选择无机氧化物及有机功能分子对氧化石墨烯进行选择性功能化修饰，合成含有丰富的高选择性表面活性位点，研究其对钍的选择性吸附，探讨所加入的无机氧化物及有机官能团与材料吸附性能之间的关系及其相应的吸附机理;筛选出在高酸度条件下高容量高选择性吸附钍的吸附材料。在此基础上，探索建立适合关键放射性核素系统分离的、安全、经济、高效、有应用前景的固相萃取分离体系。为解决传统吸附分离材料对溶液中核素离子选择性差、吸附容量低等瓶颈问题，提升我国在核燃料循环相关关键环节的技术水平提供有价的理论和技术支撑。

中文关键词： 氧化石墨烯；功能化；选择性吸附；钍

英文摘要： With the development of thorium-based nuclear fuel, it is essential for the separation and enrichment of thorium ions from mining and radiated Th-232 as well as the nuclear industry waste liquid. Graphene oxide as carbon material due to their excellent high surface area, environmental friendly, stability and the abundant oxygen-containg functinal groups was selected as the fine solid phase extractants. Based on the thorium speciation of liquid and complex theory,a series of functionalized graphene oxide were prepared by the introduction of inorganic oxide and organic functional ligand into the graphene oxide and the relationships between between the structure of graphene oxide and the selective adsorption performance for thorium in strong acidic solutions were studied,then the adsorptive material for selectively adsorpting thorium with high adsorptive capacity in acidic solution was obtained.On the basis of above,the solid separation system for key element, which are safe,economical and practical, were developed to solve the problem on low adsorption capcity and bad selectivity.this researches will be of some guidance significance to the preparation of novel extractant for the separation and enrichment of thorium element from acidic aqueous solution and provide the theoretical foundation to improve the key technology level of nuclear fuel cycle and nuclear waste disposal.

英文关键词： graphene oxide;functionalization;selective adsorption;thorium