香梨优斑螟与腐烂病协同为害的化学生态机制

项目名称： 香梨优斑螟与腐烂病协同为害的化学生态机制

项目编号： No.31460471

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 姚永生

作者单位： 塔里木大学

项目金额： 50万元

中文摘要： 香梨优斑螟与腐烂病同域发生时相互关联、协同为害，且香梨冻害能够促进二者的同步爆发，已对新疆特色香梨产业及生态防护林构成严重威胁。本项目从化学生态学角度开展香梨优斑螟和腐烂病协同为害的机制研究，通过腐烂病菌侵染寄主植物诱导释放挥发物对香梨优斑螟生态作用的探索，明确病菌诱导挥发物的特异性及其在香梨优斑螟产卵、取食等行为中的作用；在分析病菌胞外酶组成和对寄主植物生理活性基础上，通过研究病菌侵染寄主引起的植物组织非结构可溶性化合物组分和含量变化对香梨优斑螟营养代谢的影响，以及香梨优斑螟蛀道内的分泌物和诱导寄主植物释放的特异性化合物对腐烂病菌孢子萌发与侵染发病的影响，探讨由寄主植物介导的虫病间的相互作用，理解二者基于营养代谢协同发生的生理生态机制。该研究有助于揭示香梨优斑螟和腐烂病协同为害的化学生态机理，为农林有害生物治理提供新的途径，对丰富植物病原菌-植物-植食性昆虫体系的协同进化理论有重要意义。

中文关键词： 香梨腐烂病；香梨优斑螟；协同效应；化学生态学；协同进化

英文摘要： Euzophera pyriella and Valsa ceratosperma are the most important boring insect pest and diseases.There is a synergistic effect between them In the same field distribution. Especially, When freezing injury occurring,the synergistic damage or even lethal to fragrant pear causedby the interaction of both Euzophera pyriella and Valsa ceratosperma, becoming more and more increasingly serious in recent years, has the latent threat to fragrant pear industry and farmland shelterbelts in Xinjiang. In this study, the synergistic mechanism of Euzophera pyriella and Valsa ceratosperma are explored from the point of view of chemical ecology. In order to make clear the ecological functions on Euzophera pyriella of pathogen-induced release of plant volatiles by Valsa ceratosperma, the researches of specific components of pathogen-induced volatiles and their roles on Euzophera pyriella oviposition preference and feeding behavior and so forth are carried out. Based on analysis of species and physiological activities of extracellular enzymes, chemical composition deviation of non-structural soluble carbohydrates of host plant with fungal infection and its influence on nutritional catabolism of Euzophera pyriella are studied. In order to explore plant-mediated interactions and understand ecological and physiological mechanism of synergistic effect of nutrition metabolism between insects and phytopathogenic fungi, we carry out further studies on which the compounds of frass and secretions deposited by larvae of Euzophera pyriella in tunnels and specific volatiles from bore-induced host plant may provide a medium for the rapid growth of fungi and increase infection. Through the implementation of this research project, it helps develop a new pathway and approach based on non-harmful ecological management to control the synergistic damage of phytopathogen and phytophagous pests in this area, and lay the foundation for further revealing chemical-ecological mechanism of serious disaster caused by Euzophera pyriella and Valsa ceratosperma.Meanwhile, it can lead us a deeper understanding of coevolution based on phytopathogen-host plant-phytophagous insect system.

英文关键词： Valsa ceratosperma;Euzophera pyriella;synergistic effect;chemical ecology;coevolution