膜下滴灌水稻根系生物学特征及对硝酸盐的响应机制

项目名称： 膜下滴灌水稻根系生物学特征及对硝酸盐的响应机制

项目编号： No.31460541

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 王国栋

作者单位： 新疆农垦科学院

项目金额： 50万元

中文摘要： 根系是作物吸收养分的主要器官。氮素形态、有效性和分布状况直接影响作物根系的形态建成。膜下滴灌水稻栽培技术是新疆近几年探索出的一种水稻节水节肥高效栽培技术。前期研究表明，膜下滴灌条件下稻田土壤的氨硝环境完全不同于漫灌，导致膜下滴灌水稻根系的建成具有特异性。同时膜下滴灌施肥技术具有可控性高的特点，为开展硝酸盐调控水稻根系生长的大田原位研究提供了契机。本项目从水稻根系生物学特征和硝酸盐调控两个方面着手，研究膜下滴灌水稻根系生物学特征及对硝酸盐的响应机制，明确膜下滴灌条件下氮素对水稻根系构型和生理功能的调控效应，阐明土壤氨和硝态氮分布与根系构型的关系，探明根系构型和生理功能两者的协同作用机制，揭示硝酸盐对水稻根系的调控机制，提出膜下滴灌水稻根系构型优化的氮素调控技术。研究结果有助于指导膜下滴灌水稻生产合理施肥，对进一步提高水稻氮素利用率具有重要指导意义。

中文关键词： 氮素营养；根生长；硝酸盐；氮素利用效率；植物营养

英文摘要： Plant roots are the main nutrient absorbing organs. Root morphogenesis is direct impact by nitrogen form, effectiveness and distribution. In recent years, drip irrigation under mulch technology was implemented in rice to propose a water-saving and efficient fertilizer cultivation technology. In our previous study, the difference of nitrogen (ammonia and nitrates) environment in rice soil between flooding and drip irrigation was found. Obviously, the rice root development has specificity feature to acclimate the drip irrigation. Furthermore, drip irrigation has the feature of fertilizer controllability, which gives us an opportunity to study the effect of nitrates on root growth in the filed in vivo. This project studies the rice root biology characteristics of drip irrigation under-mulch and its response mechanism to nitrates. Consequently, the regulation effects of nitrogen on the root configuration and physiology can be clarified. Further, the relationship between root configuration and ammonia and nitrates distribution in the soil can be revealed. In addition, the synergistic affect mechanism between root configuration and physiology can be clarified. This project also reveals the regulatory mechanism of root development to nitrates. Finally, the regulation technique of optimizing nitrogen fertilizer based on the root configuration can be proposed. Research results are conducive to guide rational application of fertilizer in drip irrigation rice. It is a great significance for improve the nitrogen use efficiency further in rice.

英文关键词： nitrogen;root growth;nitrates;nitrogen use efficiency;plant nutrition