中国黄土高原西部和黄土/沙漠过渡带花粉现代过程

项目名称： 中国黄土高原西部和黄土/沙漠过渡带花粉现代过程

项目编号： No.40871092

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 建筑科学

项目作者： 马玉贞

作者单位： 北京师范大学

项目金额： 48万元

中文摘要： 本研究工作按计划进行，完成了各项计划任务。取得的主要成果或进展为：1)完成了研究区样点的考察和采样工作，野外植物群落样方、湖盆面积的调查。2)收集、统计分析了研究区1953-2005年50多年来的气象数据和文献记载的自然灾害与人类活动事件；绘制了地貌、植被/植物群落分布图；重点研究了50多年来研究区逐日风速与风沙活动的时空变化特征。3)运用多种指标相互印证综合定年，确定了重点湖泊的沉积物年龄和沉积速率，揭示出近50-100年来花粉组合和沉降通量的变化特征；建立了分辨率高达2年的花粉与植被气候间的关系序列，揭示了人类干扰对环境的影响，显示人类活动对植物群落的结构和风沙活动有较大影响，植被的改善会影响风沙活动。4)研究了兴隆山、大罗山、六盘山和屈吴山国家自然保护区等"森林岛屿"及其周边(10-80km)表土花粉组合特征，揭示出主要花粉的扩散性和代表性，其主要结论为: ①#22823;部分花粉组合与植被/植物群落间具良好对应性；②#20113;杉属和松属花粉被风长距离传播的能力有限，③#22312;保护较好的草原群落，禾本科花粉可达10-20%。此外，如能进一步研究，可望获得50-200年来年际分辨率的气候环境变化序列。

中文关键词： "森林岛屿"；花粉组合与环境；花粉扩散性;人类活动

英文摘要： The research finished according to the project. The main Results were: 1) Completed the investigation of the vegetation, the plant community and the lake drainage area，and sampling in study area. 2) Statistical analysis was used to study the 1953-2005 meteorological data, the natural disasters and the human activities in study area, drew several maps about the geomorphology and vegetation (plant community), documented the daily mean wind speed and wind-blown sand activity changes in temporal and spatial. 3) The dating of sediments from the key was inferred based on a variety of index, sedimentation rates was determined, the pollen assemblage and deposition fluxes nearly 50 to 100 years was revealed. The relationship between high-resolution (2 yrs) pollen record, and vegetation and climate in temporal scales, and human impact on the natural environment was documented. And the records showed the vegetation (plant community) and wind-blown sand activity can be influence by the human activities, and the wind-blown sand activity can be interference by vegetation cover. 4) Exposited the surface pollen assemblages in the forest island (Xinglong, Luoshan, Liupan Mountains and so on) and the surrounding area (10-80 km range), and discussed the pollen dispersal and pollen representation in study area. The main conclusions were: ①Most vegetation (plant community) can be characterized by a distinctive modern pollen assemblages; ②the dispersal distance of Picea and Pinus pollen by wind is shorter than some previous study; ③The higher percentages(about 10-20%) of Poaceae pollen may be found in areas where the natural vegetation is better preserved. Furthermore, it could be expected the environment changes sequence in inter-annual resolution between 50 and 200 yrs, if we will research in the further.

英文关键词： Forest island; Pollen assemblages and environment; Pollen dispersal; Human impact