科尔沁沙地固沙群落土壤微生物多样性时空演变及与植被的关系

项目名称： 科尔沁沙地固沙群落土壤微生物多样性时空演变及与植被的关系

项目编号： No.40871247

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 曹成有

作者单位： 东北大学

项目金额： 44万元

中文摘要： 科尔沁沙地植被恢复生态过程的研究多集中在地上植物部分，而土壤微生物在生态恢复中的变化及生态功能长期以来未进行系统研究。本项目以科尔沁沙地不同类型和不同年龄人工固沙植物群落为对象，研究了土壤微生物群落结构多样性、遗传基因多样性、代谢功能多样性的时空变化规律及与植被的关系。取得的主要进展包括：(1)建立了一套风沙土微生物DNA提取和纯化方法；(2)研究了植被类型对土壤微生物16S rRNA基因、可培养微生物、氨氧化细菌和蓝藻遗传多样性的影响，对100余个微生物种进行了分子鉴定，首次获得了该地区土壤微生物组成和系统发育的基本信息；(3)采用Biolog微平板和PFLA图谱分析技术分别研究了微生物碳源代谢功能和群落结构多样性，揭示了植被类型对多样性的影响机制；(4)研究发现流动沙丘微生物遗传和功能多样性相对较高，建立植被造成多样性降低，随植物群落发育时间的增长微生物功能多样性逐渐提高，需20年以上时间微生物群落组成和结构接近天然植物群落水平并逐渐稳定；(5)开展了固沙群落土壤质量及微生物活性的空间异质性和季节动态规律研究，并对人工固沙植物群落土壤质量进行了评价，建立了一套评价指标体系。

中文关键词： 科尔沁沙地；固沙群落；土壤微生物；多样性

英文摘要： Study of changes of microbial community in the process of the vegetation restoration in the Horqin Sandy Land has not been widely performed yet, because the most former study on the ecological process were focused on the aboveground part of vegetation. In this project, selecting different type plant communities for sand-fixation in the Horqin Sandy Land as study objects, the temporal and spacial changes of soil microbial diversity (including structure diversity of microbial community, genic diversity of microbial population and metabolic function diversity),and the relationship between vegetation type and the diversities have been studied. The gained progresses and results are as follow: (1) establishing the methods for total DNA extraction and purification directly meeting the requirement of PCR amplification from the aeolian sandy soil; (2) the effects of vegetation type on the genetic diversities of 16S rRNA gene, educable microbe, ammonia oxidizing bacteria and cyanophyta were studied, and more than 100 microbial species were molecularly identified and the information of community composition and phylogeny of soil microbe were gained for the first time in this area; (3) the function of carbon sources metabolism diversity and structure diversity of soil microbe in sand-fixing communities were examined by the methods of Biolog ECO-microplate culture and PFLA analysis respectively, and the effect of the vegetation type on the diversities were expressed in the study; (4) the functional and genetic diversities of soil microbes in moving sand dune kept a higher level and decreased after the establishment of plantation, and the functional diversity of soil microbes increased with increasing plantation age, and over 20 years is needed for the formation of stable sturcture that is similar to that in natural community of soil microbe when the plantation established in the moving sand dune; (5) seasonal dynamic and spatial variability of soil microbiological activity in sand-fixing plantation were performed, and the soil quanlity of different plantation were evaluated statistically with the establishment of a series of indicator for the evaluation determined accordingly.

英文关键词： Horqin Sandy Land; Sand-fixing plantation; Soil microbe; Diversity