古尔班通古沙漠不同生境节肢动物多样性变化及危害特点研究

项目名称： 古尔班通古沙漠不同生境节肢动物多样性变化及危害特点研究

项目编号： No.31460472

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 张建萍

作者单位： 石河子大学

项目金额： 48万元

中文摘要： 古尔班通古特沙漠是我国最大的固定、半固定沙漠，由于受到人为和自然因素的影响，致使该地区沙漠植被退化，生态条件恶化。节肢动物在荒漠生态系统中发挥着重要的生态功能，同时也是植物演替、食物网构成不可缺少的一个环节，节肢动物多样性的研究是荒漠生物多样性研究的重要组成部分。以往荒漠昆虫研究多在沙漠地表昆虫。本项目通过古尔班通古特沙漠南缘绿洲农业生态区、荒漠过度生态区、沙漠生态区的地表和植物体节肢动物群落多样性比较，沙漠生态区中不同生境对节肢动物群落时空动态影响，以及有害节肢动物对主要荒漠植被的影响，从不同层次、时空和生境，明确节肢动物在荒漠生态中的地位和作用，进一步探索荒漠植被-节肢动物-生境的相互关系，对于荒漠生态稳定可持续发展及以荒漠节肢动物多样性作为生物指标评价荒漠生态平衡状况，奠定很好的理论模式和应用价值，为恢复和保护古尔班通古特沙漠南缘生态系统的稳定具有非常重要的意义。

中文关键词： 沙漠；生境；节肢动物；昆虫；多样性

英文摘要： Gurbantunggut Desert is the biggest fixed and semi-fixed desert in China, but owning to the affection of human interference and natural factors, vegetation degradation as well as ecological deterioration is becoming more and more serious. Arthropod has an important ecological function in the desert ecosystem, also is a key link to the vegetation succession and food web construction. Research on the diversity of Arthropod is an important part of biodiversity study of desert. The former study mainly aimed at the upper insects. In this project, diversity of arthropod community in oasis agro-ecological region, desert transitional zone, land surface and plants of desert ecological region, which located in the south rim of the Gurbantunggut Desert were compared .What's more, the effect of different biotope on the spatial and temporal dynamic of arthropod community and effect of harmful arthropod on main desert vegetation were explored. The former mentioned investigation can inform us of role and function of Arthropod in the desert ecosystem at different levels, different time and space and different habitats, promote the exploration of relationship between vegetation, arthropod and biotope. This research established a theoretical foundation and application value for stable and sustainable development of desert ecosystem, and using diversity of arthropod community as index to evaluate the balance of desert ecosystem. Yet it has important significance to recovering and protecting the stability of desert ecological.

英文关键词： Desert;habitat;Arthropod;Insect;Diversity