陡坡隧洞明满交替流水力特性研究

项目名称： 陡坡隧洞明满交替流水力特性研究

项目编号： No.51279014

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 水利工程

项目作者： 李学海

作者单位： 长江水利委员会长江科学院

项目金额： 79万元

中文摘要： 陡坡隧洞具有高速水流及易发生明满交替流特性，由此引起的洞内水流压力、流速等周期性变化，易对隧洞产生冲击、空蚀及振动破坏而危及隧洞运行安全，其形成机理和水力特性有别于以往研究较多的电站尾水洞及城市地下水管网。本项目以陡坡隧洞明满交替流为研究对象，通过模型试验、数值模拟、理论研究相结合方法，拟解决以下关键科学问题：（1）阐明陡坡隧洞明满交替流的形成机理及发展过程，探明隧洞进气、排气、水气掺混以及气囊涨缩运移等气液边界的分布规律；（2）构建考虑隧洞进排气、水气掺混以及气囊涨缩运移的陡坡隧洞特征隐式格式法瞬变流计算模型，研究陡坡隧洞中明满交替流的流量区间与主要影响因子的定量响应关系；（3）分析提出减轻陡坡隧洞明满交替流危害的控制措施。本研究对阐明陡坡隧洞明满交替流机理有重要科学意义，对陡坡隧洞明满交替流水力特性的定量描述方法及基础理论，可为科学指导陡坡隧洞设计，保障隧洞运行安全提供重要的科技支撑。

中文关键词： 陡坡隧洞；明满交替流；形成机理；水力控制；改善措施

英文摘要： The steep-grade tunnel has the properties of high velocity flow and being easy to cause mixed free-surface-pressure flow, which can cause the periodic changes of hydrodynamic pressure, flow velocity etc., resulting in impact damage, cavitation erosion and vibrative damage easily, threatening the tunnel structure stability and operation safety. The formation mechanism and hydraulic characteristics of this kind of mixed free-surface-pressure flow appearing in the steep-grade tunnel is different from that happening in power station's tail tunnel and underground city water pipe grid. This project chooses the steep-grade tunnel's mixed free-surface-pressure flow as object of study. By the study method combination of model test, numerical simulation and theory research, it plans to solve the following key scientific problems: (1) revealing the happening mechanism of the steep-grade tunnel's mixed free-surface-pressure flow, revealing the distributing rules of such air-liquid boundaries as entering air, air emission, mixed air-water flow, air cell's form change and its movement etc. (2) establishing a transient-flow mathematics model adopting characteristic implicit format method with the consideration of the air-liquid boundaries mentioned above, studying the quantitative response relationship of the mixed free-surfac

英文关键词： steep slope tunnel；alternate flow between free surface and pressure f；the forming mechanism；hydraulic control；improving measures