人脑类别归纳推理的双加工机制研究

项目名称： 人脑类别归纳推理的双加工机制研究

项目编号： No.61473196

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 自动化技术、计算机技术

项目作者： 梁佩鹏

作者单位： 首都医科大学

项目金额： 86万元

中文摘要： 类别归纳推理是人脑最重要的高级认知功能之一，但对其认知神经机制的了解还很少。包含悖论是类别归纳推理中的一种重要心理现象，是指在归纳力度判断时被试常做出违背理性规范的判断。前期研究发现：若被试主要依靠相似性进行推理，则会出现较多的包含悖论，若被试主要基于逻辑进行判断，则包含悖论出现的概率将降低。据此提出类别归纳推理的双加工机制假设，即在类别归纳推理中存在两种加工系统，系统1为快速的、自动的、启发式的加工，可能与左侧额颞区域有关，系统2为慢速的、受控的、分析式的加工，可能与双侧额顶区域有关。本项目将联合采用行为、fMRI实验及ACT-R计算认知建模方法对包含悖论进行系列的研究，检验类别归纳推理的双加工机制假设，并建立其计算认知模型。本课题的研究意义在于：是探索人类思维本质的重要组成；有望为认知障碍病人的早期诊断提供新的参考标记；为实现接近人类水平的智能系统提供新的研究思路。

中文关键词： 功能磁共振；类别归纳推理；双加工机制；计算认知建模；包含悖论

英文摘要： Category-based induction is one of the most important higher-level cognitive functions of human brain, however, its cognitive neural mechanism is still unclear. Inclusion fallacy is an important psychological effect in category-based induction, which refers to that subjects always make judgments violate the rational norms during inductive strength judgment.Prior studies indicated that many more inclusion fallacies will be made if subjects perform the inference based on similarity, while relatively less inclusion fallacies will be made if subjects perform the inference based on logic.Accordingly, the dual-process mechanism hypothesis of category-based induction is proposed, which involves two distinct cognitive systems. System 1 involves the rapid, automatic, heuristic processing, while system 2 involves slow, controlled, analytic processing. System 1 may associate with the activations of left frontotemporal areas, while system 2 may relate to the recruitment of bilateral frontoparietal cortices. In combination of behavioral, functional MRI and ACT-R based computational cognitive methodolgies, we will perform a series of studies on the inclusion fallacy to test the dual-process mechanism hypothesis of category-based induction, and build its computational cognitive model. The significances of this proposal lies in: the important constitute of exploring the nature of human thinking, helpful to build new reference marker for the early diagnosis of cognitive impairment patients,and offering new ideas for realizing the human-level intelligent systems.

英文关键词： Functinal MRI;Category-based induction;Dual-process mechanism;Computational cognitive modeling;Inclusion fallacy