The concept of neighbor connectivity originated from the assessment of the subversion of espionage networks caused by underground resistance movements, and it has now been applied to measure the disruption of networks caused by cascading failures through neighbors. In this paper, we give two necessary and sufficient conditions of the existance of $g$-good-neighbor diagnosability. We introduce a new concept called $g$-good neighbor cut-component number (gc number for short), which has close relation with $g$-good-neighbor diagnosability. Sharp lower and upper bounds of the gc number of general graphs in terms of the $g$-good neighbor connectivity is given, which provides a formula to compute the $g$-good-neighbor diagnosability for general graphs (therefore for Cartesian product graphs). As their applications, we get the exact values or bounds for the gc numbers and $g$-good-neighbor diagnosability of grid, torus networks and generalized cubes.
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