The problem of comparing two bodies of text and searching for words that differ in their usage between them arises often in digital humanities and computational social science. This is commonly approached by training word embeddings on each corpus, aligning the vector spaces, and looking for words whose cosine distance in the aligned space is large. However, these methods often require extensive filtering of the vocabulary to perform well, and - as we show in this work - result in unstable, and hence less reliable, results. We propose an alternative approach that does not use vector space alignment, and instead considers the neighbors of each word. The method is simple, interpretable and stable. We demonstrate its effectiveness in 9 different setups, considering different corpus splitting criteria (age, gender and profession of tweet authors, time of tweet) and different languages (English, French and Hebrew).
翻译:比较两套文本和寻找不同用词的问题经常出现在数字人文学和计算社会科学中。这通常通过在每个文体上训练词嵌入,调整矢量空间,寻找在对称空间内相隔很远的词。然而,这些方法往往需要广泛过滤词汇,才能很好地发挥作用,正如我们在这项工作中所表明的那样,结果也不稳定,因而不那么可靠。我们建议了一种不使用矢量空间对齐的替代方法,而是考虑每个词的邻里。这种方法简单、可解释和稳定。我们从9个不同的组别中展示其有效性,同时考虑到不同的物分标准(推文作者的年龄、性别和职业、推文的时间)和不同的语言(英语、法语和希伯来语)。