Inspired by foundational studies in classical and quantum physics, and by information retrieval studies in quantum information theory, we prove that the notions of 'energy' and 'entropy' can be consistently introduced in human language and, more generally, in human culture. More explicitly, if energy is attributed to words according to their frequency of appearance in a text, then the ensuing energy levels are distributed non-classically, namely, they obey Bose-Einstein, rather than Maxwell-Boltzmann, statistics, as a consequence of the genuinely 'quantum indistinguishability' of the words that appear in the text. Secondly, the 'quantum entanglement' due to the way meaning is carried by a text reduces the (von Neumann) entropy of the words that appear in the text, a behaviour which cannot be explained within classical (thermodynamic or information) entropy. We claim here that this 'quantum-type behaviour is valid in general in human language', namely, any text is conceptually more concrete than the words composing it, which entails that the entropy of the overall text decreases. In addition, we provide examples taken from cognition, where quantization of energy appears in categorical perception, and from culture, where entities collaborate, thus 'entangle', to decrease overall entropy. We use these findings to propose the development of a new 'non-classical thermodynamic theory' for human cognition, which also covers broad parts of human culture and its artefacts and bridges concepts with quantum physics entities.
翻译:受古典和量子物理学基础研究的启发, 以及量子信息理论信息检索研究的启发, 我们证明“ 能源” 和“ 杂交” 的概念可以持续地在人类语言中引入, 更明确地说, 如果能量根据其在文本中的出现频率被分配到文字中的文字, 那么随后的能量水平就会被非经典地分配, 也就是说, 它们服从于 Bose- Einstein, 而不是 Maxwell- Boltzmann, 统计数据, 其结果是文本中出现的字句真正“ 不可分性 ” 。 其次, “ 能源” 和“ 杂交” 的概念可以持续地在人类文化中引入。 文本中出现的“ 能量” (von Neumann), 其词的变异异性(von Neualmann), 其变异性, 无法在古典( 热动或信息) 中被解释的行为。 我们在这里声称, “ 量型类型的行为在人类语言中是通用的, ”,, 即任何文本比其表达的词更具体的词,, 它的变化概念, 也从整体的变化的变化, 从整个的变化中, 的变化中, 提供了一种变化, 的变化, 和变化的 的理论化, 我们化, 我们提供了一种变的变的 的 的 的 的 的 的 的 的 的 的 的 的 的 的 的 的 的 的 的 的 的 的 的 。</s>