Understanding the Structure and Resilience of the Brazilian Federal Road Network Through Network Science

Understanding how transportation networks work is important for improving connectivity, efficiency, and safety. In Brazil, where road transport is a significant portion of freight and passenger movement, network science can provide valuable insights into the structural properties of the infrastructure, thus helping decision makers responsible for proposing improvements to the system. This paper models the federal road network as weighted networks, with the intent to unveil its topological characteristics and identify key locations (cities) that play important roles for the country through 75,000 kilometres of roads. We start with a simple network to examine basic connectivity and topology, where weights are the distance of the road segment. We then incorporate other weights representing number of incidents, population, and number of cities in-between each segment. We then focus on community detection as a way to identify clusters of cities that form cohesive groups within a network. Our findings aim to bring clarity to the overall structure of federal roads in Brazil, thus providing actionable insights for improving infrastructure planning and prioritising resources to enhance network resilience.