Knowledge bases (KB), both automatically and manually constructed, are often incomplete --- many valid facts can be inferred from the KB by synthesizing existing information. A popular approach to KB completion is to infer new relations by combinatory reasoning over the information found along other paths connecting a pair of entities. Given the enormous size of KBs and the exponential number of paths, previous path-based models have considered only the problem of predicting a missing relation given two entities or evaluating the truth of a proposed triple. Additionally, these methods have traditionally used random paths between fixed entity pairs or more recently learned to pick paths between them. We propose a new algorithm MINERVA, which addresses the much more difficult and practical task of answering questions where the relation is known, but only one entity. Since random walks are impractical in a setting with combinatorially many destinations from a start node, we present a neural reinforcement learning approach which learns how to navigate the graph conditioned on the input query to find predictive paths. Empirically, this approach obtains state-of-the-art results on several datasets, significantly outperforming prior methods.
翻译:自动和人工构建的知识基础(KB)通常都是不完整的 -- -- 许多有效事实可以通过综合现有信息从KB中推断出来。KB完成时的流行做法是通过对连接一对实体的其他路径所发现的信息进行混合推理来推断新的关系。鉴于KB的巨大规模和路径的指数数,以往基于路径的模型只考虑了对两个实体的缺失关系的预测问题,或对提议的三重真理进行评估。此外,这些方法传统上使用固定实体对对对或最近学习的随机路径来选择它们之间的路径。我们提出了一个新的算法MINERVA,它解决了在已知关系中回答问题这一更为困难和实用的任务,但只有一个实体。由于随机行走在从起始节点开始的组合式许多目的地的设置中是不实际的,因此我们提出了一个神经强化学习方法,它学会如何在输入查询的图表上进行导航,以找到预测路径。从概念上看,这种方法在几个数据集上取得了最新的结果,大大超出先前的方法。