Containers improve the efficiency in application deployment and thus have been widely utilised on Cloud and lately in High Performance Computing (HPC) environments. Containers encapsulate complex programs with their dependencies in isolated environments making applications more compatible and portable. Often HPC systems have higher security levels compared to Cloud systems, which restrict users' ability to customise environments. Therefore, containers on HPC need to include a heavy package of libraries making their size relatively large. These libraries usually are specifically optimised for the hardware, which compromises portability of containers. Per contra, a Cloud container has smaller volume and is more portable. Furthermore, containers would benefit from orchestrators that facilitate deployment and management of containers at a large scale. Cloud systems in practice usually incorporate sophisticated container orchestration mechanisms as opposed to HPC systems. Nevertheless, some solutions to enable container orchestration on HPC systems have been proposed in state of the art. This paper gives a survey and taxonomy of efforts in both containerisation and its orchestration strategies on HPC systems. It highlights differences thereof between Cloud and HPC. Lastly, challenges are discussed and the potentials for research and engineering are envisioned.
翻译:集装箱包装复杂的程序,其依赖性在孤立的环境中,使应用程序更兼容和更便捷; 高聚氯系统往往比云系统有更高的安全级别,这限制了用户定制环境的能力; 因此,高聚物上的集装箱需要包括一个大型图书馆包件,使其体积相对较大; 这些图书馆通常对硬件特别加以优化,因为这会损害集装箱的可移动性; 反之,一个云集装箱体体积较小,而且更便携; 此外,集装箱将受益于有助于大规模部署和管理集装箱的管弦乐器; 云系统实际上通常包含先进的集装箱管弦机制,而不是高聚苯乙烯系统; 然而,一些使集装箱管束系统能够对高聚苯乙烯系统进行集装箱管导管的解决方案是在艺术状态下提出的,本文件对集装箱化及其关于高聚苯乙烯系统的管战略的工作进行了调查和分类,其中突出了云体和高聚苯乙烯系统之间的差异。 最后,讨论了各种挑战,并设想了研究和工程的潜力。