Algorithms have been fundamental to recent global technological advances and, in particular, they have been the cornerstone of technical advances in one field rapidly being applied to another. We argue that algorithms possess fundamentally different qualities to deep learning methods, and this strongly suggests that, were deep learning methods better able to mimic algorithms, generalisation of the sort seen with algorithms would become possible with deep learning -- something far out of the reach of current machine learning methods. Furthermore, by representing elements in a continuous space of learnt algorithms, neural networks are able to adapt known algorithms more closely to real-world problems, potentially finding more efficient and pragmatic solutions than those proposed by human computer scientists. Here we present neural algorithmic reasoning -- the art of building neural networks that are able to execute algorithmic computation -- and provide our opinion on its transformative potential for running classical algorithms on inputs previously considered inaccessible to them.
翻译:演算法是最近全球技术进步的基础,特别是它们是在一个领域迅速应用到另一个领域的技术进步的基石。我们争论说,算法对于深层学习方法具有根本不同的特点,这强烈地表明,如果深层次的学习方法能够更好地模仿算法,那么随着深层次的学习,就有可能对算法进行概括化 -- -- 这是目前机器学习方法所远不及的。此外,神经网络通过在不断学习的算法空间中代表各种要素,能够使已知的算法更接近于现实世界的问题,从而有可能找到比人类计算机科学家所提出的更高效和更务实的解决办法。我们在这里提出神经算法推理 -- -- 即建设能够进行算法计算神经网络的艺术 -- -- 并提供关于其根据以前被认为无法使用的投入运行古典算算法的变革潜力的意见。