Adaptive, Rate-Optimal Hypothesis Testing in Nonparametric IV Models

We propose a new adaptive hypothesis test for inequality (e.g., monotonicity, convexity) and equality (e.g., parametric, semiparametric) restrictions on a structural function in a nonparametric instrumental variables (NPIV) model. Our test statistic is based on a modified leave-one-out sample analog of a quadratic distance between the restricted and unrestricted sieve NPIV estimators. We provide computationally simple, data-driven choices of sieve tuning parameters and Bonferroni adjusted chi-squared critical values. Our test adapts to the unknown smoothness of alternative functions in the presence of unknown degree of endogeneity and unknown strength of the instruments. It attains the adaptive minimax rate of testing in $L^2$. That is, the sum of its type I error uniformly over the composite null and its type II error uniformly over nonparametric alternative models cannot be improved by any other hypothesis test for NPIV models of unknown regularities. Data-driven confidence sets in $L^2$ are obtained by inverting the adaptive test. Simulations confirm that our adaptive test controls size and its finite-sample power greatly exceeds existing non-adaptive tests for monotonicity and parametric restrictions in NPIV models. Empirical applications to test for shape restrictions of differentiated products demand and of Engel curves are presented.