Reduced order models for the buckling of hyperelastic beams

In this paper, we discuss reduced order modelling approaches to bifurcating systems arising from continuum mechanics benchmarks. The investigation of the beam's deflection is a relevant topic of investigation with fundamental implications on their design for structural analysis and health. When the beams are exposed to external forces, their equilibrium state can undergo to a sudden variation. This happens when a compression, acting along the axial boundaries, exceeds a certain critical value. Linear elasticity models are not complex enough to capture the so-called beam's buckling, and nonlinear constitutive relations, as the hyperelastic laws, are required to investigate this behavior, whose mathematical counterpart is represented by bifurcating phenomena. The numerical analysis of the bifurcating modes and the post-buckling behavior, is usually unaffordable by means of standard high-fidelity techniques such (as the Finite Element method) and the efficiency of Reduced Order Models (ROMs), e.g.\ based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD), are necessary to obtain consistent speed-up in the reconstruction of the bifurcation diagram. The aim of this work is to provide insights regarding the application of POD-based ROMs for buckling phenomena occurring for 2-D and 3-D beams governed by different constitutive relations. The benchmarks will involve multi-parametric settings with geometrically parametrized domains, where the buckling's location depends on the material and geometrical properties induced by the parameter. Finally, we exploit the acquired notions from these toy problems, to simulate a real case scenario coming from the Norwegian petroleum industry.