In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using machine learning to overcome the high cost of numerical simulation, with some learned models achieving impressive speed-ups over classical solvers whilst maintaining accuracy. However, these methods are usually tested at low-resolution settings, and it remains to be seen whether they can scale to the costly high-resolution simulations that we ultimately want to tackle. In this work, we propose two complementary approaches to improve the framework from MeshGraphNets, which demonstrated accurate predictions in a broad range of physical systems. MeshGraphNets relies on a message passing graph neural network to propagate information, and this structure becomes a limiting factor for high-resolution simulations, as equally distant points in space become further apart in graph space. First, we demonstrate that it is possible to learn accurate surrogate dynamics of a high-resolution system on a much coarser mesh, both removing the message passing bottleneck and improving performance; and second, we introduce a hierarchical approach (MultiScale MeshGraphNets) which passes messages on two different resolutions (fine and coarse), significantly improving the accuracy of MeshGraphNets while requiring less computational resources.
翻译:近年来,人们越来越有兴趣利用机器学习来克服数字模拟的高昂成本,一些已学过模型在保持准确性的同时,在古典求解器上实现了令人印象深刻的快速超速,然而,这些方法通常在低分辨率设置上测试,而且还有待观察它们能否升级到我们最终想要处理的昂贵的高分辨率模拟中。在这项工作中,我们提出了两种互补方法来改进MeshGraphNet的架构,这些网络在广泛的物理系统中显示了准确的预测。MeshGraphNets依靠信息传递图质神经网络来传播信息,而这一结构成为高分辨率模拟的一个限制因素,因为同样遥远的空间点在图形空间中更加离谱。 首先,我们证明有可能在一个非常粗糙的网格上学习高分辨率系统的准确的代孕动力,既消除传递的瓶颈信息,又改进性能;第二,我们采用了等级方法(Multisal MeshGraphNets),在两个不同的分辨率上传递信息(松和粗糙),大大地改进了MesgraphNet的准确性,同时需要较少的计算资源。