Sensitivity analysis using Physics-informed neural networks

The paper's goal is to provide a simple unified approach to perform sensitivity analysis using Physics-informed neural networks (PINN). The main idea lies in adding a new term in the loss function that regularizes the solution in a small neighborhood near the nominal value of the parameter of interest. The added term represents the derivative of the loss function with respect to the parameter of interest. The result of this modification is a solution to the problem along with the derivative of the solution with respect to the parameter of interest (the sensitivity). We call the new technique to perform sensitivity analysis within this context SA-PINN. We show the effectiveness of the technique using 3 examples: the first one is a simple 1D advection-diffusion problem to show the methodology, the second is a 2D Poisson's problem with 9 parameters of interest and the last one is a transient two-phase flow in porous media problem.