Optimal Pricing of Information

A decision-maker is deciding between an active action (e.g., purchase a house, invest certain stock) and a passive action. The payoff of the active action depends on the buyer's private type and also an unknown state of nature. An information seller can design experiments to reveal information about the realized state to the decision-maker and would like to maximize profit from selling such information. We fully characterize, in closed-form, the revenue-optimal information selling mechanism for the seller. After eliciting the buyer's type, the optimal mechanism charges the buyer an upfront payment and then simply reveals whether the realized state passed a certain threshold or not. The optimal mechanism features both price discrimination and information discrimination. The special buyer type who is a priori indifferent between the active and passive action benefits the most from participating in the mechanism.