Automating Safety and Security Co-Design through Semantically-Rich Architectural Patterns

During the design of safety-critical systems, safety and security engineers make use of architectural patterns, such as Watchdog and Firewall, to address identified failures and threats. Often, however, the deployment of safety patterns has consequences on security, e.g., the deployment of a safety pattern may lead to new threats. The other way around may also be possible, i.e., the deployment of a security pattern may lead to new failures. Safety and security co-design is, therefore, required to understand such consequences and trade-offs, in order to reach appropriate system designs. Currently, pattern descriptions, including their consequences, are described using natural language. Therefore, their deployment in system design is carried out manually, thus time-consuming and prone to human-error, especially given the high system complexity. We propose the use of semantically-rich architectural patterns to enable automated support for safety and security co-design by using Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KRR) methods. Based on our domain-specific language, we specify reasoning principles as logic specifications written as answer-set programs. KRR engines enable the automation of safety and security co-engineering activities, including the automated recommendation of which architectural patterns can address failures or threats and consequences of deploying such patterns. We demonstrate our approach on an example taken from the ISO 21434 standard.