Physiological measurements involves observing variables that attribute to the normative functioning of human systems and subsystems directly or indirectly. The measurements can be used to detect affective states of a person with aims such as improving human-computer interactions. There are several methods of collecting physiological data, but wearable sensors are a common, non-invasive tool for accurate readings. However, valuable information is hard to extract from the raw physiological data, especially for affective state detection. Machine Learning techniques are used to detect the affective state of a person through labeled physiological data. A clear problem with using labeled data is creating accurate labels. An expert is needed to analyze a form of recording of participants and mark sections with different states such as stress and calm. While expensive, this method delivers a complete dataset with labeled data that can be used in any number of supervised algorithms. An interesting question arises from the expensive labeling: how can we reduce the cost while maintaining high accuracy? Semi-Supervised learning (SSL) is a potential solution to this problem. These algorithms allow for machine learning models to be trained with only a small subset of labeled data (unlike unsupervised which use no labels). They provide a way of avoiding expensive labeling. This paper compares a fully supervised algorithm to a SSL on the public WESAD (Wearable Stress and Affect Detection) Dataset for stress detection. This paper shows that Semi-Supervised algorithms are a viable method for inexpensive affective state detection systems with accurate results.
翻译:生理测量涉及直接或间接观测与人类系统和子系统的规范性功能有关的变量。测量可用于检测一个人的感性状态,其目标包括改善人-计算机的相互作用。有几种收集生理数据的方法,但可磨损的传感器是一种常见的、非侵入的准确读数工具。然而,很难从原始生理数据中提取有价值的信息,特别是用于感官状态的检测。机器学习技术用来通过贴标签的生理数据检测一个人的感性状态。使用标签数据的一个明显问题就是创建准确的标签。需要一位专家来分析参与者的准确记录和标记有压力和平静等不同状态的章节。虽然使用多种方法收集生理数据,但可磨损的传感器是一种常见的、非侵入性的工具。从昂贵的标签标签中可以得出一个有趣的问题:我们如何降低成本,同时保持高准确性?半超常性学习(SSL)是解决这个问题的一个潜在解决方案。这些算法允许对机器学习模型进行培训,只用一个小的节流数据组来记录参与者的准确性记录,例如压力和平静的节点。这个标签S-SLA的精确的检测数据在任何节能的S-SLA上显示一个不比的SL的精确的SL的升级的SL的升级的标签,它能,它能能能能的精确地显示的SLA。它能的精确地显示的SLA。在一种不比的SLA-SLA的升级的升级的升级的标签上是完全的SLA。在纸路标上,它能的精确的标签上,它能的精确的标记的标记。它能。它能。它能提供一种不比的标记的标记。它能的标记的标记的标记是用来提供一种不比。