Pixel Value Ordering (PVO) holds an impressive property for high fidelity Reversible Data Hiding (RDH). In this paper, we introduce a dual-PVO (dPVO) for Prediction Error Expansion(PEE), and thereby develop a new RDH scheme to offer a better rate-distortion performance. Particularly, we propose to embed in two phases: forward and backward. In the forward phase, PVO with classic PEE is applied to every non-overlapping image block of size 1x3. In the backward phase,minimum-set and maximum-set of pixels are determined from the pixels predicted in the forward phase. The minimum set only contains the lowest predicted pixels and the maximum set contains the largest predicted pixels of each image block. Proposed dPVO withPEE is then applied to both sets, so that the pixel values of the minimum set are increased and that of the maximum set are decreased by a unit value. Thereby, the pixels predicted in the forward embedding can partially be restored to their original values resulting in both better-embedded image quality and a higher embedding rate. Experimental results have recorded a promising rate-distortion performance of our scheme with a significant improvement of embedded image quality at higher embedding rates compared to the popular and state-of-the-art PVO-based RDHschemes.
翻译:等离值定序( PVO) 具有高忠诚度校正数据隐藏( RDH) 的令人印象深刻的属性。 在本文中, 我们引入了预测错误扩展( PEEE) 的双PVO (dPVO) 双向PVO (dPVO), 从而开发了一个新的 RDH 计划, 以提供更好的速率扭曲性能。 特别是, 我们提议分两个阶段嵌入: 前向和后向。 在前向阶段, 带有经典 PEEE 的 PVO 适用于每个大小为 1x3 的非重叠图像块。 在后向阶段, 预设的最小值和最大像素集由前向阶段预测的像素确定。 最低集只包含最低预测的像素, 最高集包含每个图像区块的最大预测像素。 提议的 DPVO 与 PEE 将同时同时对两组进行嵌入。 这样, 最起码的像素值将增加, 最高集将按一个单位值减少。 在后阶段, 预设的像素嵌入中预测的像素可以部分恢复其原始值,, 导致更佳的R- 高的R- 将图像升级质量和高的图像升级率, 和高制成为高的磁率。