Humans have been developing and playing musical instruments for millennia. With technological advancements, instruments were becoming ever more sophisticated. In recent decades computer-supported innovations have also been introduced in hardware design, usability, and aesthetics. One of the most commonly digitally augmented instruments is the piano. Besides electronic keyboards, several prototypes augmenting pianos with different projections providing various levels of interactivity on and around the keyboard have been implemented in order to support piano players. However, it is still not understood if these solutions are indeed supporting the learning process. In this paper we present a systematic review of augmented piano prototypes focusing on instrument learning, which is based on the four themes derived from interviews of piano experts to better understand the problems of teaching the piano. These themes are: (i) synchronised movement and body posture, (ii) sight-reading, (iii) ensuring motivation, and (iv) encouraging improvisation. We found that prototypes are saturated on the synchronisation themes, and there are opportunities for sight-reading, motivation, and improvisation themes. We conclude by presenting recommendations on augmenting piano systems towards enriching the piano learning experience as well as on possible directions to expand knowledge in the area.
翻译:人类在几千年中一直在开发和玩乐器。随着技术进步,乐器正在变得越来越先进。近几十年来,计算机支持的发明创新也在硬件设计、易用性和美学中被引入。最常用的数字增强乐器之一是钢琴。除了电子键盘外,还实施了几个原型增强钢琴,其不同预测在键盘上和键盘周围提供不同程度的互动,以支持钢琴演奏者。然而,这些解决方案是否确实支持了学习过程,人们仍然无法理解。在本文中,我们系统地审查了以仪器学习为重点的强化钢琴原型,该原型基于钢琴专家访谈得出的四个主题,以更好地了解钢琴教学问题。这些主题是:(一) 同步运动和身体姿势,(二) 视力阅读,(三) 确保动力,(四) 鼓励节奏。我们发现,原型在同步主题上是饱和的,并且有机会进行视觉阅读、动力和精准主题。我们最后提出有关加强钢琴系统的建议,以便尽可能丰富钢琴领域的学习方向。