脱落酸对干旱条件下马铃薯块茎形成的调控机制

项目名称： 脱落酸对干旱条件下马铃薯块茎形成的调控机制

项目编号： No.31460321

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 食品科学、农学基础与作物学

项目作者： 贾立国

作者单位： 内蒙古农业大学

项目金额： 48万元

中文摘要： 干旱是制约我国马铃薯产量提升的主要限制因子之一，干旱条件下产生的脱落酸（ABA）可能通过直接和间接两种方式对马铃薯块茎形成进行调控。直接调控途径：通过在匍匐茎及块茎中积累的ABA对马铃薯的块茎形成进行调控，但是这方面的报道较少。间接调控途径：ABA可通过调控叶片中气孔的开闭而影响光合和呼吸作用，调控干物质的积累及其在产量器官中的分配而最终影响产量。本课题拟在大田试验条件下测定不同水分供应下块茎形成过程中光合作用的相关指标和各器官中非结构性碳水化合物（NSC）的积累，解析ABA对NSC在产量器官中积累和转移的调控，阐明ABA对块茎形成的间接调控机制；在组培条件下通过药理学的方法研究块茎形成过程中质子分泌、质膜ATPase酶活性和生长素含量的动态变化，研明ABA对块茎形成的直接调控机理。综合以上结果，提出ABA对马铃薯块茎形成中的直接和间接的协同调控机制，为马铃薯水分管理提供理论基础。

中文关键词： 马铃薯；干旱胁迫；脱落酸；ABA；块茎形成

英文摘要： Drought stress is one of the major limiting factors for the production of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), while abscisic acid (ABA) might be the major phytohormone regulating potato tuberization in response to drought by both direct and indirect ways. Under drought condition increased ABA level promotes the closing of opened stomata and inhibits the opening of closed stomata, which regulates the intensities of respiration and photosynthesis and leads to the differential accumulation and distribution of dry matter in harvest organs, affects the yield finally. Meanwhile, it is possible that direct regulation also exists in potato during tuberization which is mediated by the accumulation of ABA in stolon and tuber under water deficiency. Two experiments, under filed study and tissue culture conditions, are designed to explore the regulatory mechanism of tuberization by ABA under gradient water deficit. Indirect regulation will be analyzed by detecting photosynthesis and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) during tuberization under field condition. Pharmacological experiments will be used to resolve direct regulation mechanism of ABA on tuberization by testing proton secretion, plasma membrane, ATPase activity and IAA content under tissue culture condition. Based on the above results, the interaction between direct and indirect regulation of ABA will be further explored, the results will provide a theoretical foundation for the water management of potato in the future.

英文关键词： Potato;drought;abscisic acid;ABA;tuberization