马铃薯干旱致灾过程中阈值响应及其生理机制

项目名称： 马铃薯干旱致灾过程中阈值响应及其生理机制

项目编号： No.41505099

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 大气科学学科

项目作者： 赵鸿

作者单位： 中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所

项目金额： 21万元

中文摘要： 围绕马铃薯干旱发生发展到灾害形成过程这一关键科学问题，在马铃薯主产区甘肃定西的遮雨棚-水分试验场开展马铃薯对持续干旱胁迫响应的模拟试验，研究马铃薯受旱致灾的临界阈值及其生理响应机制。通过监测持续干旱过程中马铃薯农田土壤水分、生理特性、形态特征、产量等指标的变化规律，分析马铃薯生理指标、产量对土壤水分持续减少的动态响应及其相互关系。利用生理特性突变特征和最优分割聚类法，确定生理指标达到最大或最小时土壤水分上限及下限阈值，揭示阈值形成及变化的光合生理机制，划分从生理参数突变到产量开始下降时的土壤水分范围，建立基于生理参数的土壤水分阈值分级，定量描述马铃薯受害致灾的土壤干旱等级。期望研究成果为半干旱区马铃薯旱情的准确监测和有效防旱减灾提供重要的理论依据。

中文关键词： 马铃薯；干旱致灾过程；阈值；生理机制

英文摘要： Around the key scientific problem of process from drought occurrence and development to disaster formation in potato, based on a field simulation experiment about the effect of progressive drought stress on potato, we try to investigate the formation process and threshold of drought disaster and physiological change mechanism of potato. In this study, the experiment on potato suffering from water stress will be carried out at Dingxi, Gansu Province, where is the main producing areas of potato in China. Six different water stress treatments will be designed under Rainout Shelter - Water Trough plots. The variation on soil moisture, physiological parameters, plant morphology and yield will be monitored during progressive soil drought. Our aims are: 1) investigate the variation on plant morphology and physiological parameters with the soil moisture decreasing during progressive soil drought, as well as their relationships; 2) determine the threshold of physiological parameters and soil moisture of potato by means of crop physiology ecology mutation characteristics and optimum partitioning clustering method, and reveal the photosynthetic physiological mechanism of threshold formation and changes; 3) determine the soil moisture range from physiological parameter mutation to yield beginning to decline, establishment threshold classification of soil drought based on physiological parameters. In this way, we will quantitatively describe the process of drought-induced disaster in potato. The results will provide some important theoretical knowledge on the drought monitoring and disaster prevention or mitigation in the main producing areas of potato in semiarid region.

英文关键词： Potato;Process of drought-induced disaster;Threshold;Physiological mechanism