以消除铬污染为目标的制革单元过程重组与耦合优化研究

项目名称： 以消除铬污染为目标的制革单元过程重组与耦合优化研究

项目编号： No.21476149

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 有机化学

项目作者： 石碧

作者单位： 四川大学

项目金额： 90万元

中文摘要： 铬污染的消除，是制革工业持续发展迫切需要解决的关键科技问题。采用现有制革技术，铬鞣及铬鞣之后的所有水相操作工序都会排放铬，这使得完全消除制革过程的铬排放几乎不可能实现。针对这一问题，本项目拟通过对制革单元过程实施重组和耦合优化，构建准备单元-无铬预鞣与电荷调控单元-染整单元-末端铬鞣单元为主线的新的制革工艺体系，在保证成革品质的同时，使铬的完全回收利用变得简单易行。主要研究内容包括：1）支撑无铬预鞣实施的两性聚合物鞣剂的合成方法及其构效关系；2）无铬预鞣过程鞣制效应的强化及皮革电荷性质的调控规律；3）无铬预鞣与染整过程的耦合优化，包括染整过程中进一步调控皮革等电点、强化其与染整化学品亲和力的方法和原理；4）适合于末端铬鞣过程的铬鞣剂结构及鞣制条件的优化；5）所有单元过程耦合优化的科学原理及工艺平衡的关键要素- - 为彻底消除制革工业的铬污染提供新的方法和系统的理论基础。

中文关键词： 制革；过程优化；鞣制；铬；污染控制

英文摘要： The elimination of chrome pollution is a key technical issue that needs to be urgently solved in leather industry. However, chrome is inevitably released into effluents during chrome tanning and all the post tanning processes by using existing technologies, which makes it almost impossible to eliminate chrome discharge from leather processing. In order to achieve a convenient and complete recovery of chrome from tannery wastewater as well as high quality of resultant leather, a novel leather processing system, composed of beamhouse, chrome-free pretanning and charge adjustment, post tanning and end chrome tanning, will be developed by reassembling and coupling the unit processes of leather manufacture. The main contents of the project will include: 1) synthesis and structure-activity relationship of a type of amphoteric polymer tanning agent which is suitable for chrome-free pretanning process; 2) enhancement of tanning effect and regularities of adjustment of leather charge in chrome-free pretanning process; 3) optimization of the coupling of chrome-free pretanning process and post tanning process, including methods and principles of the supplemental adjustment of isoelectric point of leather for strengthening the affinity of post tanning chemicals for leather during post tanning; 4) optimization of the structure of chrome tanning agent and tanning conditions for end chrome tanning process; 5) mechanism of optimization of the coupling of all unit processes, and key factors of process balance. This project will hopefully provide leather industry with new methods and a sound theoretical basis for the elimination of chrome pollution.

英文关键词： leather manufacture;process optimization;tanning;chrome;pollution control