改性壳聚糖/活性炭复合吸附颗粒耦合微生物低温除氨氮协同反应机理与稳定性控制

项目名称： 改性壳聚糖/活性炭复合吸附颗粒耦合微生物低温除氨氮协同反应机理与稳定性控制

项目编号： No.51508342

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 其他

项目作者： 郜玉楠

作者单位： 沈阳建筑大学

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 针对北方地区传统工艺难以在低温条件下处理氨氮的问题，采用“改性壳聚糖交联颗粒活性炭固载优势菌”的方法构建一种新型生物复合吸附颗粒，利用改性壳聚糖表面多功能活性官能团对氨氮的化学吸附作用、低温除氨氮优势菌的高效生物反应作用、颗粒活性炭的稳定机械强度、以及抗有机负荷性能，将三者进行耦合，形成具有耐低温、高稳定的新型水处理材料。本课题通过采用表面化学、分子生物学等分析手段揭示生物复合吸附颗粒低温除氨氮过程组分内部壳聚糖、活性炭、优势菌三者协同反应效率、反应流程、基质与产物转化关系，同时揭示生物复合吸附颗粒低温除氨氮过程壳聚糖交联颗粒活性炭吸附性能与优势菌反应活性、数量、胞外分泌物之间相互影响关系，分析外部环境因素（低温、溶解氧、污染负荷等）对生物复合吸附颗粒反应稳定性的影响机制，建立保持生物复合吸附颗粒低温除氨氮高效稳定性的最优控制参数，为生物复合吸附颗粒在水处理领域的应用和机理探究提供理论依据

中文关键词： 壳聚糖；活性炭；优势菌；低温；氨氮

英文摘要： Chitosan and chitosan derivatives have gained wide attention as effective biosorbents due to low cost and high contents of amino and hydroxyl functional groups which show significant adsorption potential for the removal of various aquatic pollutants. Also the chitosan can be used as a support for the preparation in the form of particles with granular activated carbon to improve mechanical strength, or immobilized with dominant bacteria for high removal efficiency. For this reason, a new chitosan biopolymer derivative synthesized by crosslinked granular activated carbon and anchored with dominant bacteria, called “Chitosan crosslinked Biological Granular Activated Carbon” process, ”CBC” for short, will be investigated in this study. The CBC process will be employed to instead the traditional drinking water treatment process for ammonia (NH4+-N), especially on the condition of low temperature（<10℃）. .The study will include the cooperation and the stabilization mechanism of the biological chitosan crosslinked granular activated carbon. The surface chemistry and molecular biology technique will be used for the uptake mechanism and sorption performances of ammonia by CBC process. Also the cooperative formation of intermediate product、reaction process and the interreaction between the chitosan crosslinked GAC and dominant bacteria and the optimal process parameters of the CBC under different factors will be investigated. Pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and Dubinnin-Radushkevich models will be analyzed. The equilibrium data will be analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. The new chitosan material will be characterized by spectral (FTER),thermal, structure, and morphological(SEM) analysis. The dominant bacteria immobilized on the chitosan derivative will be characterized by PCR-DGGE, FISH, ATP and biomass analysis. The intermediate products with N elemental will be identified by the elemental(CHN), atomic absorption spectroscopy analysis. The results of this study will improve the new technology of ammonium treatment process under low temperature and guarantee the safety of drinking water for human beings.

英文关键词： chitosan;granular activated carbon;dominant bacteria;low temperature;ammonia