风洞动态试验对象姿态的视频测量及其运动规律建模

项目名称： 风洞动态试验对象姿态的视频测量及其运动规律建模

项目编号： No.51475453

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 机械、仪表工业

项目作者： 张征宇

作者单位： 中国空气动力研究与发展中心

项目金额： 83万元

中文摘要： 风洞动态试验对象通过杆式悬臂梁承载结构与运动机构相连，在非定常气动力作用下因支撑刚度不足易出现宽频谱振动现象，导致其姿态参数与运动机构的姿态参数差异明显，而现有惯性测姿传感器在此环境中测量精度与可靠性不高。为此，提出复杂流动中机械姿态的视频测量(Videogrammetry）及其运动规律建模新方法:①通过研究复杂流动耦合被测对象运动对视频测量误差的影响机理，创建姿态视频测量误差控制及其敏度分析模型，构建复杂流动中视频测量误差最小化控制方法；②从时/频/空等多域联合的角度，研究多域融合变尺度基函数构造方法，利用构建的表征振荡型、瞬变型及随机型三类时变特征优秀的多域基函数集，将离散测量数据的微分转换为对各域基函数的微分并统一到时域空间，获得姿态角时序测量数据的运动规律模型，解决对含宽频谱振动信息、测量误差、局部峰值有丢失的时序测量数据直接微分所导致的误差放大问题。通过实验评价完善所建立的方法。

中文关键词： 姿态运动测量；视频测量；风洞动态试验；非定常气动力

英文摘要： Dynamic wind tunnel test object is connected with motion mechanism through a bar-cantilever beam. Because of the insufficient in rigidity, the wide spectrum of vibration phenomenon is induced under unsteady aerodynamic loads.Therefore,the attitude parameters of test object are obviously different with that set by control system of test facility. The accuracy and reliability of existing inertial attitude sensors are not high in Dynamic wind tunnel test. Therefore, a new method is proposed to measure attitude parameters and model the movement of test object in complex flow: ① the mechanism of the complex flow coupling with the measured object's movement influencing videogrammetric error is revealed in this project, the model used to control error and analyze sensitivity for videogrammetric measurement of attitude parameters is established, a new method to minimize the measuring error of videogrammetry in complex flow is studied; ② a method is studied to construct basis functions of modified scaling based on the integration of multi-domain(time/frequency/space),the differential of discrete measurement data is converted to differential on each domain basis function and the results are unified to time-domain space by excellent multi-domain basis function set, which describe the features of oscillation ,transient and random very well. As s result, the movement regularity model of the time series measured data is obtained to solve the problems of error amplification caused by the direct differentiation with the time series measured data including wide spectrum of vibration information, measuring errors and loss of local peak. The experiments are carried out to evaluate and improve the method and the model established in this project.

英文关键词： Attitude motion measurement;Videogrammetric measurement;Dynamic wind tunnel testing;Unsteady aerodynamics